I-Jupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke kuwo wonke isimiso sonozungezilanga futhi ingeyeqembu lamaplanethi egesi. Yiplanethi enkulu okuze kube manje esethole inani elikhulu lezinyanga. Nokho, abantu abaningi bayazibuza ijupiter inezinyanga ezingaki. Inenani elikhulu lazo futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuyamangalisa.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi zingaki izinyanga i-Jupiter, ukuthi zakhiwa kanjani kanye nezinye izici zazo kanye nezinto ezithokozisayo.
I-Jupiter inezinyanga ezingaki?
Ucwaningo lwakamuva likuqinisekisile lokho ngo-2020 isamba sezinyanga ezingama-79 noma izinyanga zemvelo ezizungeza i-Jupiter zibaliwe. Ochwepheshe balindele ukuthi leso sibalo senyuke ngo-2021, njengoba kuye kwatholakala ukwethwasa kwezinyanga kusukela ngekhulu le-2020. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izinyanga i-Jupiter kusukela ngo-600, ungafunda ucwaningo luka-Edward Ashton et al. Isihloko esithi 1 XNUMX kilometer retrograde irregular months of Jupiter.
Phakathi kwezinyanga zeJupiter, izinyanga zaseGalile ziyagqama. Izinyanga eziyisiyingi ezi-4 zatholwa ngo-1610 nguGalileo Galilei, owayezibheka njengezinye zezinyanga ezinkulu kakhulu esimiso sonozungezilanga. Ekuqaleni, UGalileo wawaqamba ngokuthi iJupiter 1, Jupiter 2, Jupiter 3, neJupiter 4, ngokulandelana kwebanga ukusuka kumaplanethi. (kusuka ngaphakathi kuya phezulu). Kodwa-ke, manje baziwa ngamagama uSimon Marius awahlongoze kamuva ngezinyanga zeJupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, neCallisto.
Lezi zinyanga zaseGalile ezichazwe ngezansi ziyizinyanga ezivamile, okungukuthi, zakha emzileni ozungeza amaplanethi, kunokuba zithathwe njengezinyanga ezingajwayelekile.
Io
I-Io, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Jupiter 1 ngabavundululi bayo, ingenye yezinyanga ezi-4 zikaGalileo, eyesithathu ngobukhulu futhi eseduze ne-Jupiter (inyanga engaphakathi kakhulu) enkulu kunenyanga yoMhlaba. Inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-3.643 futhi izungeza iJupiter ngezinsuku ezingu-1,77 ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-421.800. Le nyanga inezici ezimbalwa:
- Okokuqala, inezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-400 eziqhuma phezulu futhi umsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba mukhulu kakhulu, okuyinto empeleni ephakeme kunawo wonke kuso sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga. Kumayelana nani lokhu? Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushisa kwamagagasi ngenxa yokungqubuzana okudalwe ukukhangwa phakathi kwe-Jupiter nezinye izinyanga ezinkulu. Umphumela uba i-volcanic plume ekwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama ngisho nangaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-500, ngaphandle kwemigodi ebonakalayo phezulu.
- umzila wayo kuthonywa amandla kazibuthe weJupiter kanye nokusondela kwe-Io ezinyangeni zaseGalile i-Europa neGanymede.
- Umkhathi wayo uqukethe i-sulphur dioxide (SO2).
- Inokuminyana okuphezulu kunezinye izinto ezisesimisweni sonozungezilanga.
- Ekugcineni, inama-molecule amanzi ambalwa kunezinye izinyanga.
Europa
I-Europa, noma i-Jupiter II, naphezu kokuba inyanga yaseGalile encane kunazo zonke, enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-3.122, ingenye yezinyanga zeJupiter ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Kodwa kungani ikhanga kangaka? Inyanga inesithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini wesayensi ngoba kade kucatshangwa ukuthi ngaphansi kweqhwa eliwugqinsi elingamakhilomitha angu-100 kukhona ulwandle olukhulu oluvalekayo ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwa ama-nuclei e-athomu akhiwe nge-nickel nensimbi. , okungaba ukuphila. I-NASA ikuqinisekisile ngo-2016, futhi nakuba kusengekho ubufakazi besayensi, kunethemba lokuthi izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zizokhula kumasathelayithi.
Okunye okumele sikuqaphele nge-Europa ukuthi inyanga, ene-orbital radius yamakhilomitha angu-671.100, ibuyela kuJupiter ngezinsuku ezingu-3,5. Ingozi yokwakheka komhlaba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-100 ikhombisa ukuthi i-geology yayo ekha phezulu isencane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umkhathi wawo wakhiwe yimithombo ye-abiotic yomoya-mpilo, futhi umhwamuko wamanzi uwumkhiqizo wokusebenzelana kokukhanya nendawo eyiqhwa.
UGanymede
UGalileo wayibiza ngokuthi iGanymede noma iJupiter 3 futhi kwakuyinyanga enkulu kaGalileo. Njengoba inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-5.262 1.070.400, iGanymede idlula ngobukhulu iMercury, iplanethi eseduze nelanga, futhi iqeda ukuzungeza iJupiter okungamakhilomitha angu-XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Le sathelayithi inezici eziningi eziyenza ihluke kwamanye amasathelayithi eziyenza ikhange kakhulu:
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-silicate ice moon inomgogodla wensimbi ewuketshezi kanye nolwandle olungaphakathi ososayensi abakholelwa ukuthi lungadlula amanzi iplanethi yethu enawo.
- Futhi, inendawo yayo kazibuthe, ngokungafani nezinye, okukholakala ukuthi kungenxa yokuguquguquka kumgogodla wayo owuketshezi.
- Ngaphezu kokuba enkulu kunazo zonke, futhi iyinyanga ekhanyayo yaseGalile.
UCallisto
I-Callisto noma i-Jupiter IV nayo iyisathelayithi enkulu, nakuba incane kakhulu. Inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-4.821 futhi izungeza amakhilomitha angu-1.882.700 ukusuka kuJupiter ngezinsuku eziyi-17. Le nyanga ingaphandle kunazo zonke kwezine, okungase kuthinte iqiniso lokuthi iyona ethinteke kancane endaweni kazibuthe ye-Jupiter.
Uma sikhuluma ngokuma komhlaba, igqama ngokuba nenye yezindawo ezindala kakhulu nokuba nomoya omncane owakhiwe umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Kulokhu, kukholakala ukuthi iCallisto ingase ibe nolwandle olungaphansi komhlaba lwamanzi awuketshezi ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ezinye izinyanga zeJupiter
Ezinyangeni zeJupiter ezingama-79, ziyi-8 kuphela ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwamasathelayithi angu-4 aseGalile esesiwabalile afakiwe kumlaza ovamile, kukhona amasathelayithi ama-Amalthea angu-4 (iThebe, i-Amalthea, i-Adrastea ne-Metis). Wonke anento eyodwa afana ngayo, ukuthi ayizinyanga eziseduze kakhulu neJupiter, azungeza ohlangothini olufanayo, futhi anokuthambekela okuphansi kwe-orbital.
Ngokuphambene, imigudu yezinyanga ezingavamile i-elliptical futhi ikude kakhulu neplanethi. Phakathi kwezinyanga ezingajwayelekile zeJupiter sithola: iqembu le-Himalaya, iThemisto, iCarpo neValetudo.
Njengoba ubona, sesivele sazi ukuthi zingaki izinyanga ze-Jupiter kanye nezici eziyinhloko zazo ngayinye. Njengoba iyiplanethi enkulu kangaka, ingasingatha inani elikhulu lazo. Ososayensi abaningi banethemba lokuthi ukuphila kungathuthuka kubo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi zingaki izinyanga i-Jupiter enazo nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko.