Elinye lamagebe anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo oLwandle iMedithera yi igebe lebhubesi. Kuyindawo ebanzi yalolu lwandle etholakala ngasogwini olunesihlabathi lwezifunda eziseningizimu yeFrance zase-Occitania naseProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Leli godi alibonwa kuphela nge-geology yalo, kodwa ngoba likhaya lekota yazo zonke izinhlobo ezitholakala oLwandle iMedithera.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukuze sikutshele konke odinga ukukwazi ngeGulf of León, izici zayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikuyo.
Izici eziyinhloko
IGulf of León yehlukaniswe nasempumalanga yi-delta eyakhiwe ngokuhlangana koMfula iRhone noLwandle iMedithera phakathi kwempumalanga neCôte d'Azur. Umkhawulo wayo oseningizimu-ntshonalanga kulapho amaPyrenees ahlangana khona noLwandle iMedithera, iFrance neSpain, ihlukaniswe neCosta Brava eCatalonia.
Ishalofu lamazwekazi livezwa lapha njengethafa elikhulu elisogwini, futhi izindawo ezisogwini zithambeka ngokushesha zibheke ethafeni elinamanzi ajulile aseMedithera. Ugu lubonakala ngokuba khona okuqhubekayo kwemicu yamachibi namachibi amaningi. Amanye amaphasela, ikakhulukazi i-limestone, anqunywe yilezi zindawo ezinkulu ezinkulu.
Itheku elikhulu leli chweba iMarseille, lilandelwe iToulon. Indawo yokudoba esifundeni saseGulf iphethwe yi-cod, ikakhulukazi ukudotshwa phansi, kepha njengamanje iyancipha ngenxa yokudotshwa ngokweqile. Le yindawo ebandayo edumile, enomoya wezulu, obizwa ngokuthi umoya wasenyakatho-ntshonalanga noma umoya we-mistral. Imifula emikhulu egelezela kuleligodi yiTech (84,3 km), Têt (120 km), Aude (224 km), Orb (145 km), Hérault (160 km), Vidourle (85 km) neRhone (812 km) ).
I-Bay of León ayisiwo umngcele olula wezwekazi, kodwa umphumela weqembu i-Oligocene-Miocene Corsican-Sardinian eligijima liphikisana nse ne-Europa Craton. Lokhu kukhuliswa ivuselele uhlaka oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesakhiwo esivela kuTethys nasePyrenean orogeny. Ukunyakaza kwe-orogenic ye-Eocene kubangele ukuthi ukubonakala kwamaPyrenees kucindezele futhi kunciphise lonke uqweqwe. Izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba zibikezela ukuthi kuzoba nezindawo ezimbalwa zikawoyela osogwini emaphethelweni etheku.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eGulf of León
Kuyaziwa ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo yayo, futhi inhlobonhlobo yemvelo yayo ecebile incike kuplankton eningi njengomthombo wokudla wezinhlanzi eziningi nama-cetaceans. Isiphakamiso se-LIC siqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwaso futhi ukulandelwa kwaso kunikeza isilungiselelo esingenakuqhathaniswa sokuchaza ukuvela kwezindawo ezinobuthakathaka nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayos.
Iphrojekthi ye-LIFE + INDEMARES eqondiswa yiBiodiversity Foundation yoMnyango Wezolimo, Ukudla Nezemvelo - imiphumela yayo eyamenyezelwa ngo-Ephreli wangonyaka odlule - iqinisekisile ukuthi umhosha ongaphansi kwamanzi weBay of León unoLwandle iMedithera.
Umhosha ongaphansi kolwandle uyindawo yasolwandle ebandakanya ishelufu lasezwenikazi iCap de Creus kanye nemihosha iCap de Creus neLacaze-Duthiers ebekwe ngaphezulu kweshelufu lasezwenikazi laseFrance. Isikhala sasolwandle sinamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezu kwama-987 kanye nezimpawu zemvelo ezihlukile. Kuvikelwe isiphakamiso sayo njengeSiza Sokubaluleka Komphakathi (i-SCI). Ukuqapha kwayo kunikeza uhlaka olungenakuqhathaniswa lwe chaza ukuvela kwezindawo nezinhlobo ezibucayi, kuhlanganiswe nokuvikela. Imisebenzi ethile yezomnotho yendawo ngoba ingesinye sezifunda ezikhiqiza kakhulu eMedithera.
Uhlelo lwasemanzini lomhosha wamanzi lutholakala empumalanga ekugcineni kwayo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia futhi inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2.200 XNUMX, emele ikota yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilotshwe eMedithera.
Isikhala siveza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo endaweni encane kakhulu: imvelo yasogwini, ishalofu kanye nemithambeka yemvelo, kanye nemiphakathi engaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho-ke inezinga eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo. Ingcebo enkulu yale ndawo ngokwengxenye ingenxa yobuningi be-plankton, ngesigaba sezibungu sezinhlanzi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano njenge-cod ne-krill, nazo eziwumthombo wokudla kwezinhlanzi eziningi kanye nama-cetaceans.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eGulf of Leon
IMadrepora oculata neLophelia pertusa, omunye wemiphakathi yamakhorali enamanzi abandayo agcinwe kahle eMedithera, atholakala emihosheni engaphansi kwamanzi yaseCap de Creus. Ngoba ingcindezi yemisebenzi yabantu, lezi zinhlobo ziye zanyamalala kwenye indawo.
Amahlengethwa anemigqa nemikhomo evamile kule ndawo, lapho amahlengethwa asebhodleleni abonakala khona nasezindaweni ezivamile ezisogwini. Umhosha futhi uyindawo ebalulekile yezinyoni ezibalulekile. Phakathi kwazo, kubonakala i-shearwater yaseMedithera, engabonakala ngosuku olulodwa kuze kube yizibonelo ze-1.200, kanye namanzi asongelwayo aseBalearic asongelwayo. Ebusika, ama-terns ezinyawo ezimnyama ayanda emanzini omhosha, kanye nasemikhondweni ka-Audouin nangama-gannet ase-Atlantic.
Le ndawo ehlukahlukene yokuhlala nendawo yasolwandle ibuye ibe yikhaya lezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezinendlela yokuphila ehluke kakhulu, njenge ama-filter feeder, ama-suspensivores, ama-detritivores, ama-scavenger kanye nabazingeli. Bonke bayazuza ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo zamanzi asolwandle eGulf of León.
Lezi zinhlobo ezicebile ziyimpendulo ezintweni eziningi, lezi zinto zivela ngasikhathi sinye ngokungajwayelekile endaweni yasolwandle yohlelo olusentshonalanga ye-canyon yeGulf of Lion, futhi inani layo elikhulu lemvelo liyenza ibe yifa lemvelo laseYurophu.
Ukongiwa kwezinhlobo
Uma sifuna ukonga izinhlobo ezikhoyo kulezi zemvelo, kubalulekile ukwethula imithetho elawula inani lemisebenzi engenziwa. Enye yezindlela zokwandisa ulwazi kubantu kungukufundiswa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalo sikwazi ukudlulisela kubantu amanani wokongiwa kanye ukubaluleka kwalezi zimvelo ukuze zilondolozwe isikhathi eside. Inhloso enkulu ukukwazi ukonga imvelo kanye nokuqhubeka nokukhipha izinsizakusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwehlisa izinga lezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zazo zonke izinhlobo ezibalulwe ngenhla.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iGulf of Lion icebile impela ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi ukuvikelwa kwayo kubalulekile. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeGulf of Lion nezimpawu zayo.