Isikali 1 Emhlabeni sisho ukuthi i-1 Astronomical Unit (AU), okuyibanga elisuka eMhlabeni liye eLangeni. Isibonelo seSaturn, 10 AU = izikhathi ezili-10 ibanga eliphakathi koMhlaba neLanga.
I-Oort Cloud, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi- «ikpik-Oort cloud», iyifu lokucabanga eliyindilinga lezinto ze-trans-Neptunian. Kwakungenakubonwa ngqo. Itholakala emikhawulweni yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Futhi ngosayizi wonyaka omncane wokukhanya, kuyikota yebanga ukusuka enkanyezini yethu esondele kakhulu kuye kusistimu yethu yelanga, iProxima Centauri. Ukuthola umbono ngosayizi walo maqondana neLanga, sizocacisa imininingwane ethile.
SineMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba neMars, ngale ndlela, maqondana neLanga. Kuthatha imizuzu eyi-8 namasekhondi ayi-19 ukuthi imisebe yelanga ifinyelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngaphandle, phakathi kweMars neJupiter, sithola ibhande le-asteroid. Ngemuva kwaleli bhande, kuza iziqhwaga ezi-4 zegesi, iJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus neNeptune. INeptune icishe ibe izikhathi ezingama-30 kude neLanga njengoba uMhlaba ukhathazekile. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuthatha cishe amahora amane nemizuzu engu-4 ukufika. Uma sibheka iplanethi yethu ekude kakhulu neLanga, umkhawulo we-Oort Cloud ungaba izikhathi eziphindwe ka-2.060 ukusuka eLangeni kuye eNeptune.
Ngabe ubukhona bayo bunqunywe kuphi?
Ngo-1932, isazi sezinkanyezi u-Erns Öpik, ubhale ukuthi izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezihamba isikhathi eside zivela efwini elikhulu ngaphesheya kwesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngo-1950 isazi sezinkanyezi uJan Oort, wabeka lo mbono ngokuzimela okwaholela endida. UJan Oort uqinisekise ukuthi ama-meteorite abengeke akheke kumjikelezo wawo wamanje, ngenxa yezimo zezinkanyezi ezibalawulayo, ngakho-ke waqinisekisa ukuthi imijikelezo yabo nayo yonke kumele igcinwe efwini elikhulu. Kulezi zinkanyezi ezimbili ezinkulu, leli lifu elikhulu libizwa ngegama lalo.
U-Oort uphenye phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Labo abane-orbit engaphansi kuka-10AU nalabo abanemizila yesikhathi eside (cishe i-isotropic), enkulu kune-1.000AU, baze bafinyelele ku-20.000 XNUMX. Wabona nokuthi zonke zivela kanjani nxazonke. Lokhu kwamvumela ukuthi abone ukuthi, uma bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ifu lokucabanga bekufanele libe yindilinga eyakhiwe.
Yini ekhona futhi ingabe i-Oort Cloud ihlanganisa?
Ngokuya ngemibono ye Umsuka we-Oort Cloud, usekwakheni uhlelo lwethu lwelanga, nokushayisana okukhulu okwakukhona nezinto zokwakha ezadutshulwa. Izinto eziyibumbayo zakhiwa ngokusondelana kakhulu neLanga ekuqaleni kwalo. Kodwa-ke, amandla adonsela phansi amaplanethi amakhulu nawo ahlanekezele imizila yawo, ayithumela ezindaweni ezikude lapho ekhona.
Ama-comet orbits, ukufaniswa kwe-NASA
Ngaphakathi kwefu le-Oort, singahlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili:
- Ifu Langaphakathi Langaphakathi / Langaphakathi: Ihlobene namandla adonsela phansi neLanga. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Hills Cloud, yakheke njengediski. Ilinganisa phakathi kuka-2.000 20.000 no-XNUMX XNUMX AU.
- Ingaphandle Lamafu Oort: Ukuzungeza okuyindilinga, kuhlobene kakhulu nezinye izinkanyezi kanye ne-galactic tide, eguqula ukuzungeza kwamaplanethi okwenza kube yindilinga eyengeziwe. Izinyathelo eziphakathi kuka-20.000 50.000 no-XNUMX AU. Kufanele kungezwe ukuthi empeleni kungumkhawulo wamandla adonsela phansi weLanga.
I-Oort Cloud iyonke, ihlanganisa wonke amaplanethi asozungezweni lwethu lwelanga, amaplanethi amancane, ama-meteorite, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, kuze kufike ezigidini zezindikimba zasezulwini ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,3 ububanzi. Yize kunenani elikhulu kangaka lezindikimba zasezulwini, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo kulinganiselwa ukuthi lungamashumi ezigidi zamakhilomitha. Isisindo esiphelele ebesizoba naso asaziwa, kepha enza ukulinganisa, enombono kaHalley's Comet, Kulinganiselwa cishe ku-3 × 10 ^ 25kg, okungukuthi, cishe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-5 kunaleyo yoMhlaba.
Umphumela weTidal ku-Oort Cloud nasemhlabeni
Ngendlela efanayo iNyanga efaka ngayo amandla olwandle, iphakamisa igagasi, kunqunywe lokho Ngokwegalactically lesi simo senzeka. Ibanga eliphakathi komzimba nomunye liya kunciphisa amandla adonsela phansi komunye. Ukuqonda lesi simo okufanele sichazwe, singabheka amandla amandla eNyanga neLanga asebenza eMhlabeni. Ngokuya ngesimo lapho iNyanga iphathelene neLanga neplanethi yethu, amagagasi angahluka ngobukhulu bawo. Ukuqondaniswa neLanga kuthonya amandla adonsela phansi anjalo kwiplanethi yethu okuchaza ukuthi kungani igagasi likhuphuka kangaka.
Endabeni yefu Oort, ake sithi limele izilwandle zeplanethi yethu. FUTHI iMilky Way izomela iNyanga. Lowo ngumphumela wamaza. Lokho elikukhiqizayo, njengencazelo yesithombe, kuyisimo esibheke enkabeni yomthala wethu. Ngokubheka ukuthi amandla eLanga adonsela phansi kuncane kakhulu esikuthola kulo, leli butho elincane nalo lanele ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kwezindikimba ezithile zasezulwini, kubangele ukuthi zibuyiselwe emuva eLangeni.
Imijikelezo yokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo emhlabeni wethu
Okuthile ososayensi abakwazile ukukuqinisekisa yilokho njalo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-26 cishe, kunephethini ephindayo. Imayelana nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kulezi zikhathi. Yize isizathu salo mkhuba singeke sishiwo ngokuqinisekile. Umphumela wamanzi weMilky Way efwini le-Oort kungaba umbono wokucatshangelwa.
Uma sinaka ukuthi iLanga ligxile emthaleni, futhi ekuzungezeni kwalo livame ukudlula "endizeni ye-galactic" ngokujwayelekile, le mizila yokuqothulwa ingachazwa.
Kubaliwe ukuthi njalo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20 kuye kwengama-25, iLanga lidlula endizeni yegalactic. Uma lokho kwenzeka, amandla adonsela phansi ahlinzekwa yindiza ye-galactic abe anele ukuphazamisa lonke i-Oort Cloud. Uma ucabanga ukuthi izonyakazisa iphazamise imizimba yamalungu ngaphakathi kwefu. Eziningi zazo bezizodudulwa zibhekiswe eLangeni.
Umbono Ohlukile
Ezinye izazi zezinkanyezi zibheka ukuthi iLanga selisondele ngokwanele kule ndiza yendiza. Futhi ukucatshangelwa abakulethayo yilokho ukuphazamiseka kungavela ezingalweni ezijikelezayo zomthala. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kukhona amafu amaningi wamangqamuzana, kodwa futhi zigcwele imidondoshiya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bayizinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu futhi banesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuphila, njengoba besebenzisa uphethiloli wabo wenuzi ngokushesha. Njalo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa ezinye iziqhwaga eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyaqhuma, zibangele i-supernovae. Lokho kungachaza ukuzamazama okunamandla okuzothinta i-Oort Cloud.
Kunoma ikuphi, kungenzeka singakwazi ukuyibona ngamehlo. Kepha iplanethi yethu iseyinhlamvu yesihlabathi engapheli. Ukusuka eNyangeni kuya emthaleni wethu, bathinte kusuka kwimvelaphi yabo, impilo kanye nokuba khona kweplanethi yethu. Inani elikhulu lezinto ziyenzeka njengamanje, ngaphezu kwalokho esikubonayo.