Ama-Asteroid amane nje ayizindikimba zasezulwini ezinamadwala azungeza iLanga. Yize engalingani usayizi njengamaplanethi, anemijikelezo efanayo. Ama-asteroid amaningi atholakele emzileni wesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Iningi labo lakha ifayili le- ibhande le-asteroid njengoba sazi. Le ndawo iphakathi kwemizila ye-Mars ne-Jupiter. Njengamaplanethi, imijikelezo yawo iyindilinga.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nebhande le-asteroid, izici zalo nokubaluleka kwalo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ibizwa ngokuthi ibhande le-asteroid noma ibhande eliyinhloko futhi lisendaweni yethu uhlelo lwelanga phakathi kwemizila ye-Jupiter neMars, ehlukanisa amaplanethi angaphakathi namaplanethi angaphandle. Kubonakala ngenani elikhulu le- imizimba yamazulu enezimo ezingajwayelekile nosayizi ohlukile, ebizwa ngama-asteroid, futhi ephelezelwa yiplanethi yemifino iCeres.
Igama lebhande eliyinhloko ukulihlukanisa nezinye izinto zesikhala ku-solar system, njengeKuiper Belt ngemuva komjikelezo weNeptune noma njenge I-Oort Cloud, esemaphethelweni esimiso sonozungezilanga ngokweqile, cishe unyaka okhanyayo kude nelanga.
Ibhande le-asteroid lakhiwa yizigidi zezindikimba zasezulwini, ezingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo ezintathu: i-carbonaceous (uhlobo C), i-silicate (uhlobo S) nensimbi (uhlobo M). Njengamanje kunezindikimba ezinhlanu ezinkulu kakhulu zasezulwini: iPallas, iVesta, iCigia, iJuno kanye nomzimba wasezulwini omkhulu kunayo yonke: iCeres, ehlukaniswa njengeplanethi emfushane enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angama-950. Lezi zinto zimelela ngaphezu kwengxenye yesisindo sebhande elikhulu, okulingana no-4% kuphela wobunzima benyanga (0,06% wesisindo somhlaba).
Yize zikhonjiswa zisondelene kakhulu ezithombeni zesimiso sonozungezilanga, zakha ifu eliwugqinsi, iqiniso ukuthi la ma-asteroid aqhelelene kakhulu ukuthi kunzima ukuzulazula kuleso sikhala futhi ungqubuzane nenye yazo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngenxa ye-oscillation yabo ejwayelekile ye-orbital, basondela emzileni we-Jupiter. Yile planethi okuthi, ngamandla ayo adala ukungazinzi kwama-asteroid.
Ubukhona bebhande le-asteroid
Ama-Asteroid awatholakali kuphela kuleli bhande, kodwa futhi naku-trajectories yamanye amaplanethi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nto enamadwala inendlela efanayo ezungeza ilanga, kepha akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho. Ungase ucabange ukuthi uma i-asteroid isemzileni ofanayo noweplanethi yethu, ingashayisana futhi idale inhlekelele. Lokhu akunjalo. Akunasidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi bazoshayeka noma cha.
Ama-Asteroid asemjikelezweni ofanayo njengeplanethi ngokuvamile ahamba ngejubane elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, abasoze bahlangana. Ukwenza lokhu, uMhlaba kumele uhambe kancane kakhulu noma i-asteroid kumele inyuse ijubane layo. Lokhu ngeke kwenzeke emkhathini ngaphandle uma kukhona amandla angaphandle okukwenza. Ngasikhathi sinye, imithetho yokunyakaza ilawulwa yi-inertia.
Umsuka webhande le-asteroid
Umbono owamukelwa kabanzi mayelana nemvelaphi yebhande le-asteroid ukuthi lonke uhlelo lwelanga lwavela engxenyeni ethile ye-protosolar nebula. Ngamanye amagama, lokhu kungenzeka kungumphumela wokwehluleka kwento ehlakazekayo ukwakha izindikimba ezinkulu zasezulwini, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa amagagasi adonsela phansi avela kuJupiter, iplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke kuhlelo lwelanga. Lokhu kwenza izingcezwana zamatshe ziyashayisana noma zizixoshele esikhaleni, kushiye kuphela u-1% wesisindo sokuqala esiphelele.
Imibono emidala kunayo yonke isikisela ukuthi ibhande le-asteroid kungaba yiplanethi elenziwe nge-nebula yakudala, kepha lichithwe ngomthelela othile we-orbital noma ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobunzima obuphansi bebhande namandla aphezulu kakhulu adingekayo ukuqhuma iplanethi ngale ndlela, le mfundiso ibonakala ingenakwenzeka.
La ma-asteroid avela ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwelanga. Isimiso sonozungezilanga sakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 edlule. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ifu elikhulu legesi nothuli kudilika. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iningi lezinto ezibonakalayo liwela maphakathi nefu, lakhe ilanga.
Yonke le ndaba yaba amaplanethi. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezisebhanti le-asteroid azinalo ithuba lokuba amaplanethi. Ngoba ama-asteroid akha ezindaweni nezimo ezahlukahlukene, awafani. Ngayinye yakha ebangeni elihlukile elangeni. Lokhu kwenza izimo nokwakheka kwehluke. Izinto esizitholile bezingezindilinga, kepha zingajwayelekile futhi zimangele. Lokhu kwenziwa ukushayisana okuqhubekayo nezinye izinto kuze kube kunje.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-asteroid nama-meteorite
Ama-Asteroid ahlukaniswa ngokwezikhundla zawo ohlelweni lwelanga; amanye abizwa nge-NEA ngoba asondele enhlabathini. Sithola namaTrojans, okuyilawo azungeza iJupiter. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinama-Centaurs. Zitholakala kusistimu engaphandle yelanga, eduze ne-Oort Cloud. Ngamanye amagama, "bathunjwe" ngamandla adonsela phansi kanye nomjikelezo woMhlaba isikhathi eside. Bangaphinda bahambe futhi.
I-meteorite imane nje iyi-asteroid ehlasela umhlaba. Ithole leli gama ngoba uma ingena emkhathini, ishiya umkhondo wokukhanya, obizwa ngokuthi yi-meteor. Ziyingozi kubantu. Kodwa-ke, umkhathi wethu uyasivikela kubo ngoba ekugcineni bayancibilika lapho behlangana nawo.
Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwawo, angaba ngamatshe, insimbi, noma zombili. Umthelela wama-meteorite nawo ungaba muhle, ngoba ungathola imininingwane eminingi ngakho. Uma inkulu ngokwanele ukuthi umoya ungawonakalisi ngokuphelele lapho ihlangana, kungadala umonakalo. Umzila wayo ungabikezelwa namuhla ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokubheka abantu abanabo besimiso sonozungezilanga nendawo yonke.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngebhande le-asteroid nezici zalo.