I-Geology yisayensi enkulu kakhulu yona enamagatsha amancane ajulisa ukutadisha kwengxenye ye-abiotic yomhlaba wethu. Elinye lamagatsha e-geology ngu i-stratigraphy. Kuyisayensi efunda ukuhumusha, incazelo, ukuhlonza kanye nokulandelana okuqondile nokumile komugqa. Igatsha lesayensi elisivumela ukuthi sazi imininingwane emikhulu mayelana nokwedlule kweplanethi yethu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nawe mayelana nokuthi yini i-stratigraphy, ukuthi ilusizo kangakanani nokuthi ifundelani ngezinhloso.
Yini i-stratigraphy
Igatsha le-geology elihumusha futhi lichaze ukuthi umugqa ubekwe kanjani ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ukuze sikuhumushe kangcono konke lokhu, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi sikhuluma ngezinga le- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Amatshe abekwe phezulu ngohlaka futhi uhlaka ngalunye luhlala ngesikhathi lufakwa. Ngakho-ke, lisinikeza imininingwane ngale nkathi esizithola sikuyo. Isibonelo, amadwala ase-sedimentary akhiwa namuhla abelokhu eguquguquka ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka ethathe ukwakheka kwawo. Yilokhu okuzonikeza ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi esakhiwe ngaso.
Okuzanywa yi-stratigraphy ukwazi nokutadisha ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi amatshe asinikezayo asinika lona. Iphinde ibe igatsha le-geology elibhekele ukwenziwa kwemephu nokuqondaniswa kwalawa matshe. Le yindlela abanquma ngayo ukuhleleka nesikhathi sezenzakalo ngesikhathi se-geological esinqunywe kuwo wonke umlando weplanethi yethu.
Njengoba amadwala asezintabeni enziwe ngezinto ngasizathu simbe ezakhiwe zaba ngamatshe, yizinto eziyisisekelo ezifundwa nge-stratigraphy. Izinqubo eziqala ukwakheka kwamatshe ase-sedimentary yinkambu yokuqala okumele i-stratigraphy isebenze ngayo. Kuyasiza futhi igatsha lesayensi elaziwa ngokuthi i-paleontology ukwenza ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto eziphilayo ezihlalwa ngenkathi kwakhiwa lamatshe asezintabeni.
Lapho kwenziwa irekhodi le-stratigraphic lendawo, uma lithola umphumela wokuqhubeka kwalezi zinqubo zokwakha amadwala ngesikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Kunjengokungathi kuyisisekelo sayo yonke imininingwane edingekayo ukuqonda ukuvela kokuphila kweplanethi yomhlaba. Ngenxa ye-stratigraphy Kukwazile ukwazi imininingwane emikhulu njengokulungiswa kwamapuleti we-tectonic ngesikhathi nengxenye yezinguquko zesimo sezulu ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Inhloso ye-stratigraphy
Leli gatsha le-geology linezinhloso eziningana eziyinhloko. Ake sihlaziye ngamunye wabo:
- Ukukhonjwa kwezinto. Ukwazi ukuhleleka kokulandelana kokwakhiwa kwamadwala asezintabeni, kuyadingeka ukukhomba ukuthi lawa matshe ahlanganiswa yini nezinto zokwakha.
- Ukwehliswa kwamayunithi we-stratigraphic. Iyunithi ye-stratigraphic inento enento eyodwa kulo lonke uhlaka. Lokho wukuthi, asilutholi uhlobo lwedwala le-sedimentary elakhiwe ngesikhathi esithile.
- Inhlangano yamayunithi we-stratigraphic. Lapho izinsizakusebenza nezingxenye ze-stratigraphic sezitholakele, kwenziwa umzamo wokuzi-oda ngesikhathi. Lokho okungukuthi, amayunithi we-stratigraphic akheke ngaphambili futhi akhe ngemuva. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale imininingwane emikhulu mayelana nokwakheka komhlaba.
- Ucwaningo lwezigaba ze-stratigraphic. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi i-stratigraphy yendawo yaziwa njengomsebenzi wokuphakama. Ungalinganisela ukwakheka nobudala bamadwala athile.
- Ukuchazwa kofuzo kwamayunithi. Lapho uhlaziya iyunithi ye-stratigraphic, ungahlaziya zonke izinto nokuthi kungani zakhiwa.
- Ukuhlangana nokwabiwa kwesikhathi. Imayelana nokulinganiselwa kweminyaka yamadwala nolwazi lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke esasikhona ngaleso sikhathi.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi. I-Stratigraphy igatsha elibalulekile lesayensi uma kukhulunywa ngokutadisha ukwakheka kwamachibi emifula emhlabeni wonke.
Futhi ukuthi yisayensi ekwazi ukubhalisa amafomu, izingoma ze-lithological, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, ubudlelwane beminyaka yobudala, ukulandelana kwangempela, ukusatshalaliswa nokuqukethwe kwezinsalela zamadwala asezintabeni. Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi, ungafunda kabanzi nge-geology yendawo kanye nesikhathi lapho yakhiwa khona. Zonke lezi zici zisebenza ukubona nokwakha kabusha ngokulandelana izehlakalo zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzeke kuwo wonke umlando woMhlaba.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-stratigraphy
Le sayensi isungulwe ezimisweni ezithile eziyisisekelo lapho kuthuthukiswa lonke ulwazi olufunyenwe:
- Isimiso sokuma phezulu kwangempela noma ukumiswa kwesendlalelo. Kungumgomo osungula ukuthi imicu ifakwa ngokuvundlile, endala kunazo zonke ingaphansi futhi encane ingenhla. Uma uqhubeka nokuhlaziya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyabona ukuthi abaphazanyiswa ukuguguleka komhlaba.
- Sika futhi ufake ubuhlobo. Uma sibona ukusika ku-stratum, kufanele sazi ukuthi yini endala lesi sici kwakuyinkqubo esinqumayo kunaleyo esikiwe. Idwala lincane kunezicucu zamatshe ezifakiwe kulo.
- Okwangempela. Kungaleso simiso esimele ukuthi "okwamanje kuyisihluthulelo sokwedlule." Ngalokhu kusho ukuthi imifula, amadwala, izilwandle kanye namazwekazi sekuguqukile kuzo zonke izingxenye zawo. Kodwa-ke, imithetho echaza ushintsho nemithetho lapho izinguquko zalezi zinto zingaphansi kokuhlala zingashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukulandelana kwefaunal. Njengoba nje uhlaka lunokulandelana kwezikhathi, izinsalela ezitholakala kulolo hlu nazo zinohlelo olungakhonjwa.
- Ukulandelana kwama-facies. Iqiniso ukuthi ukulandelana okuvundlile kwama-facies kuyefana nokweqondile.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kubalulekile ukwazi umucu wokwazi kabanzi ngokuma komhlaba kweplanethi yethu. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-stratigraphy.