Impela uzwile ngoJehova i-orography. Igatsha lejografi ebonakalayo eligxile ekutadisheni ukuthi izintaba zakhiwa kanjani nokuthi zinezici ezinjani. Kuyaziwa futhi kwelinye lamagatsha e-geography anegama le-orology. Kuyisayensi ezama ukuphenya ngokucophelela nokutadisha ukuthi izintaba, amagquma nezintaba zakhiwa futhi zithuthukiswe kanjani.
Kulesi sihloko ungathola lonke ulwazi oludingayo mayelana ne-orography, okufundayo nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani.
Yini i-orography?
I-orography ishumekwe ngendlela ethe xaxa ekutadisheni kwe-geomorphology yendawo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, akukhawulelwe kuzici ubuso obungaba nazo, njengoba kunjalo ngesimo sendawo. Isibonelo, ungafunda ukwakheka kwezintaba noma iqembu lezintaba. Lezi zakhiwo zaziwa njenge-orogeny.
Leli gatsha lejografi ebonakalayo liphethe ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zosizo noma ukuphakama esikuthola kulo lonke uqweqwe lomhlaba. Hhayi kuphela izinhlobo zama-reliefs, kepha futhi namajamo angatholwa indawo, kucatshangelwa zonke izici zangaphandle ezinomthelela kuwo. Izifundo zigxile ekuchazeni zonke izinhlobo zezintaba esingazibona. Intaba ngayinye ibe nenqubo ehlukile ekwakhekeni kwayo nasekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo kuwo wonke umlando. Lezi zifundo nezincazelo zenziwa kusetshenziswa izethulo ze-cartographic. Ngenxa yalezi zimelo, ezaziwa kangcono njengamamephu, kungenzeka ukubona ngeso lengqondo futhi ufunde kabanzi ngohlobo losizo olutholakala esifundeni esithile.
Izinhlobo ze-orography
I-orography inezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubonisa ukukhululeka. Sithola izinhlobo ezahlukene njengezintaba, izintaba-mlilo, amathafa nezigodi. Futhi, ngokuya ngendawo esikuyo maqondana nolwandle, singabona ukwakheka komhlaba okuhlukahlukene njengamawa namabhishi. I-orography nayo isebenza ukunquma ezinye zezifundo zamanzi, ukuma abanakho (njengama-meanders) kanye ne-morphology yomlomo wabo.
Mayelana nokubaluleka kokufundwa kwe-orography, singabona ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu kongoti bezwe kanye nohulumeni bamazwe, ngoba basebenzela izindlela ezahlukahlukene kwingqalasizinda nemisebenzi yomgwaqo. Zonke izici zomhlaba zifundwa ngenhloso yokwazi ukwakha izakhiwo nemizila yezokuxhumana ukuze kwandiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe emadolobheni. Futhi inendima ebalulekile emhlabeni wezolimo nezimayini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingakwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile kuzimpawu zenhlabathi nenhlabathi engaphansi yendawo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi singazi ukuthi kunemithombo yamanzi engaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yamamephu akhiqizwayo ngolwazi lwe-orography.
Konke lokhu kuba yisisekelo uma sifuna ukusebenzisa kahle nokukhipha izinsiza zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize kubonakala sengathi ayixhunyanisiwe nayo, i-orography inomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu nezemvelo okwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, isimo sezulu esingahle sivele endaweni esezintabeni (kokubili ngokwemvula nangamazinga okushisa nolawulo lomoya) asifani nesimo sezulu esingahle sibe khona endaweni esogwini. Ukuhamba kwenqwaba yomoya kuthonywe yile orography ekhiqiza inqubo yokuncipha ngokuya ngobude bezintaba. Esinye isici esifaneleke kakhulu ukuphakama kweziqongo zezintaba ezahlukahlukene. Lezi ziqongo ezibhekele ukusheshisa isivinini somoya.
Ukufingqa konke lokhu singakusho lokho i-orography ithonya inani lemvula, ikhava yefu nomoya okungarekhodwa endaweni enikeziwe.
I-Orography yaseYurophu
Singasho ukuthi iYurophu ingelinye lamazwekazi elinikezela ngobubanzi obukhulu be-orography. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhululeka kulo lonke izwekazi. Phakathi kwe-orography esingayithola sinayo:
- Izintaba ze-Alps: Kuyaziwa njengohlelo lwe-orographic olubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu
- Ama-Apennines: lolu hlelo lwezintaba lapho intaba-mlilo iVesuvius, intaba-mlilo i-Etna, itholakala esiqhingini saseSicily.
- EYurophu sithola ne- Izintaba Ezinamandla Nezintaba ZaseScandinavia.
- Umngcele wemvelo phakathi kweYurophu neAsia unqunywa yi Izintaba zase-Ural.
- Izintaba ZaseCaucasus. Lezi zintaba ziphakathi koLwandle iCaspian ne- ULwandle Olumnyama
- Kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu sinezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu, amathafa namathafa. Kukhona nezigodi eziningi, izakhiwo zemifula kanye nenani elikhulu lokuhlushwa kwabantu. Phakathi kwamathafa abaluleke kakhulu sinethafa lasePo, ithafa elisenyakatho neYurophu nethafa laseRussia.
I-Orography yaseSpain
Izwe lethu libonakala ngokuba nokukhululeka okuphezulu futhi okunentaba. Amasistimu maningi impela futhi ahlanganisa uhhafu wensimu yonke. Lolu hlobo lwezimo zokusiza isimo sezulu esinaso eSpain. Phakathi kwe-orography ebaluleke kakhulu esinayo ezweni lethu sithola:
- AmaPyrenees. Lezi zinhlelo zezintaba ezihlukanisa iNhlonhlo yase-Iberia neFrance. Inengcebo enkulu yezitshalo nezilwane kanye nesimo sezulu ngokuya ngosizo.
- Izinhlelo ze-Betic. Yizintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zezintaba.
- Uhla lwezintaba zaseCantabrica.
- Sierra Morena
- IMontes de Toledo
- Uhlelo lwe-Eastern Iberia
- Ama-Archipelagos, iBalearic Islands kanye neCanary Islands
Ngenxa yokuthi iSpain igezwa ngamanzi amathathu ahlukene, sithola amabhishi ahlukahlukene, amawa nemifula. INhlonhlo Yase-Iberia izungezwe i-Atlantic Ocean, uLwandle iCantabrian kanye noLwandle iMedithera.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-orography yendawo ibaluleke kakhulu uma sifuna ukwazi ukukhululeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici eziningi zezulu zendawo zinqunywa kahle ngemidwebo yayo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-orography.