Elinye lamagatsha esayensi eligxile ekutadisheni izinqubo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji kuyo yonke ingxenye yasemanzini yomhlaba i-oceanography. Luhlobo lwesayensi yemikhakha eyahlukene engagcini nje ngokufunda izilwandle kepha nemifula, izilwandle, amachibi nanoma iyiphi indawo yasemanzini emhlabeni wethu.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi yini i-oceanography egxile kuyo nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthuthuka kwesayensi.
Yini i-oceanography
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, yisayensi egxile ekuchazeni zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali asemzimbeni nangokwemvelo ezenzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ngamanzi. Le sayensi kufanele ibe semikhakheni eminingi njengoba kufanele ibe nochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Esinye sezici ezisemqoka okufanele sizicabangele amandla okufunda lapho kufundwa izinqubo zomzimba ezenzekayo.
Kulezi zinqubo zomzimba sifaka amagagasi, imisinga yolwandle, isenzo somoya, ingcindezi, i-irradiance, njll. Zonke lezi zinto eziguqukayo nokunye okuningi okuzama ukuchaza ukusebenza kwezilwandle, izilwandle, imifula, amachibi, njll. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kungafakwanga izinqubo zomzimba kuphela kepha nezinqubo zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji, kudingeka ochwepheshe abavela kumagatsha amaningi.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono i-oceanography ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- i-oceanography yangempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- amakhemikhali olwandle ekugcineni i i-oceanography yezinto eziphilayo. Uhlobo lwesine lungezwa kulezi zingxenye ezi-3: i-geography yolwazi.
I-Physical oceanography yiyona ethakazelisa kakhulu amatilosi, ngoba lapho kukhishwa khona imininingwane edingekayo ukuze ikwazi ukuya ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Manje sizohlaziya uhlobo ngalunye lwasolwandle nezimpawu zalo.
I-oceanography yomzimba
Kuyingxenye yalesi sayensi esibhekele ukutadisha izinqubo zomzimba ezenzeka ezindaweni zasemanzini. Lezi zinqubo zibandakanya ukuxubana nokwanda kwamangqamuzana, umbuso wamanzi nezakhiwo zawo, imisinga yolwandle, amagagasi namagagasi. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-oceanography kukhona nama-subtypes amaningana:
- I-oceanography echazayo: Imayelana naleyo ngxenye yalesi sayensi echaza ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezimpawu zamanzi amaningi olwandle. Kungashiwo ukuthi kungubalingani be-hydrology yezwekazi.
- I-Dynamicography: yingxenye efunda ngokuhamba kwamanzi olwandle kanye nezimbangela zalokhu kuhamba.
- Isimo sezulu seMeteorological: icwaninga ukusebenzisana phakathi komoya nolwandle. Nguye ophethe ukunikeza izincazelo zokuthi kungani lezi zinqubo zomzimba zenzeka maqondana nomoya.
I-oceanography yezinto eziphilayo
Kuyingxenye yalesi sayensi ecwaninga ngezinto zasolwandle nobudlelwano bazo nemvelo. Akufanele ididaniswe ne-biology yasolwandle. I-biology yasolwandle igxile kuphela ekutadisheni kwezilwane zasolwandle. Kulokhu, kugxila kakhulu ebudlelwaneni onabo nemvelo ekuzungezile nokuthi ibuthinta kanjani isigqi sakho nokuthuthuka kwempilo.
Njengoba impilo olwandle icebe kakhulu, leli gatsha kufanele lihlukaniswe namanye ama-subtypes:
- I-Pelagic oceanography: uphethe ukutadisha izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka engxenyeni yolwandle ye-pelagic. Lezi zindawo ngamanzi avulekile olwandle, kude nogu nangaphandle kwe Ipulatifomu yezwekazi.
- I-Neritic oceanography: Yilona eligxile ekutadisheni izinqubo zebhayoloji abanazo olwandle olusondele ogwini futhi ezisetafuleni lelizwekazi.
- I-Benthic oceanography: igxila ekuchazeni izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka ebusweni bolwandle. Yonke le ndawo ibizwa nge-benthic zone, yingakho igama layo.
- I-Demersal oceanography: icwaninga izinqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka olwandle. Le ngane isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi iwusizo kwezokudoba.
I-Geography yolwandle
Njengoba kulindelwe, kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzeka kulezi zindawo zasemanzini. Le ngxenye ye-oceanography igxile ekutadisheni okulandelayo:
- Izinqubo zasogwini: yilezo zinqubo ezigxile kwi-geomorphology kanye namandla wezigungu ezisogwini ezinjenge-deltas, imilambo yolwandle, amabhishi, iziziba kanye namachibi asogwini. Inhloso ukutadisha, kuthonya i-geomorphology yalawa mazwe kumandla olwandle nezinhlobo ezihlala kuwo.
- I-sedimentology yasolwandle: Emvelweni yasemanzini kukhona nezinqubo zokuthutha nokudililika. Lezi zinsalela ezihanjiswe ukuguguleka kolwandle nazo ziyafundwa.
I-Chemical oceanography
Kuyingxenye ebhekele ukutadisha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi olwandle. Ngoba abantu nemisebenzi yabo idala izinguquko ezahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwamanzi olwandle, kuyadingeka ukuwacwaninga ukuze uwacubungule kanye nomphumela ongawubangela ekuhlukaneni kwezinto eziphilayo. Ikakhulu ifunda ngokungcola kwasolwandle. Lokho wukuthi, konke ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi okukhiqizwa umphumela wokukhishwa emisebenzini yabantu.
Uhlelo lwasolwandle nolwandle kanye nomoya ungathi bangabizwa ngokuthi iziphuzo ezimbili ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-geophysical. Ukuze uqonde lo mongo, izinqubo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji kufanele zifundwe kusetshenziswa indlela ye-geophysical fluid dynamics methodology. Ngamanye amagama, kufanele kubhekwe imisinga yolwandle, imisinga yasogwini, amagagasi, izakhiwo ezisemkhathini (zombili i-cyclonic kanye ne-anticyclonic), izinqubo ezincane ezenzeka ngezinga elincane, njll. Ukuze unikeze umphumela we ibhalansi yawo wonke amandla akhishwa olwandle.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kunokuthuthuka okukhulu kwezamakhompiyutha futhi ngamakhompyutha anamandla kube nokwenzeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokumodela izinhlelo ezisebenza kahle ekubikezeleni kwezimo zasolwandle zazo zonke izinhlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zisiza ukugcwalisa nokujulisa amandla oketshezi. Nakhu ukuthi ulwazi oluthe xaxa nolusizo kakhulu lwamatilosi lungatholwa kanjani.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izifundo ze-oceanography.