Nebulae

Namuhla siqhubeka nenye indatshana evela kulesi sigaba esikhuluma ngezinkanyezi. Sizibonile izici nobukhulu be- Uhlelo lomkhathi namanye amaplanethi afana Mars, I-Jupiter, IMercury, Saturn y I-Venus. Namuhla kufanele sivakashele i-nebulae. Cishe uke wezwa ngazo, kepha awazi kahle ukuthi ziyini. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizobhekana nakho konke okuhlobene ne-nebulae, kusuka kulokho okuyikho, ukuthi zakhiwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona.

Ngabe ufuna ukufunda kabanzi nge-nebulae ne-Universe yethu? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂

Yini i-nebula?

INebulae, njengoba igama labo liphakamisa, amafu amakhulu athatha ukwakheka okungajwayelekile emkhathini. Akhiwe ngokugxila kwamagesi, ikakhulu i-hydrogen, i-helium, nothuli lwezinkanyezi. Njengoba wazi, kuyo yonke i-Universe akukho kuphela i-galaxy njengoba bekucatshangwa emashumini eminyaka adlule, kodwa kunezigidi. Umthala wethu yiMilky Way futhi itholakala eduze komakhelwane wethu, i-Andromeda.

INebulae itholakala emithaleni engajwayelekile nakweminye efiselekayo. Zibaluleke kakhulu e-Universe, ngoba izinkanyezi zizalelwa ngaphakathi kuzo kusuka kukhulu nokuhlangana kwendaba.

Ngaphandle kokuthi, uma uthi shazi, Bangamafu nje egesi nothuli akuwona wonke ama-nebulae afanayo. Ngokulandelayo sizohlaziya uhlobo ngalunye lwe-nebula ukuze sizazi ngokuningiliziwe.

Izinhlobo ze-nebulae

Ama-nebula amnyama

I-nebula emnyama ayilutho ngaphandle kwefu legesi elibandayo nothuli okungakhiphi ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Izinkanyezi ezikuqukethe zifihliwe, ngoba azikhiphi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemisebe. Kodwa-ke, uthuli okwakhiwa ngalo lamafu inobubanzi be-micron eyodwa kuphela.

Ubuningi balawa mafu kungathi ngentuthu kagwayi. Lezi zinhlamvu ezincane zezinto ezibonakalayo zinamathela ndawonye zenze inani lama-molecule afana ne-carbon, silicate, noma ungqimba lweqhwa.

Ukusabalalisa okubonakalayo kwe-nebulae

Lolu hlobo yakhiwe nge-hydrogen nothuli. Siyakhumbula ukuthi i-hydrogen iyinto egcwele kakhulu ku-Universe yonke. Ama-nebulae wokucabanga anamandla okukhombisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela ezinkanyezini.

Impuphu inomehluko wokuthi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala. Ama-nebulae azungeze iPleiades ayizibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zalolu hlobo.

Ukukhishwa kwe-nebulae

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-nebula, ziyabonakala futhi zikhipha ukukhanya ngenxa yamandla abawathola ezinkanyezini eziseduze. Ukukhipha ukukhanya, ama-athomu e-hydrogen ajabule ngokukhanya okunamandla kwe-ultraviolet okuvela ezinkanyezini eziseduze nase-ionize. Lokhu, Ilahlekelwa yi-electron yayo kuphela ukukhipha i-photon. Yilesi senzo esenza ukukhanya ku-nebula.

Izinkanyezi zohlobo lwe-spectral O zingakwazi ukukhipha igesi ngaphakathi kwebanga leminyaka engama-350 lokukhanya. Isibonelo, i-Swan Nebula noma i-M17 iyi-emission nebula etholwe yiChéseaux ngo-1746 yaphinde yatholwa nguMessier ngo-1764. Le nebula ikhanya kakhulu futhi iphinki ngombala. Kubonakala ngeso lenyama ezindaweni ezingaphansi.

Uma zibomvu kusho ukuthi i-hydrogen eningi i-ionized. Kuyikhaya lezinkanyezi eziningi ezisencane ezizalwe ngemisebe yegesi yi-nebula. Uma kubonakala ku-infrared inani lothuli lingabonakala ngokuthanda ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi.

Uma singena kwi-nebula besingabona iqoqo elivulekile elenziwe ngezinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-30 ezisithwe amagesi. Ububanzi buvame ukuzungeza iminyaka engama-40 ekhanyayo. Isisindo esiphelele esakha i-nebulae yalolu hlobo sicishe sibe ngu-800 ngaphezu kwesisindo seLanga.

Sula izibonelo zale nebula yi-M17, okuyi itholakala eminyakeni eyi-5500 yokukhanya kusuka kusistimu yethu yelanga. I-M16 ne-M17 zilele engalweni efanayo yokuvunguza yeMilky Way (ingalo yeSagittarius noma iSagittarius-Carina) futhi mhlawumbe yingxenye yenkimbinkimbi efanayo yamafu amakhulu wezinto eziphakathi kwezinkanyezi.

I-nebula yamaplanethi

Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-nebula. Okudidayo zihambisana nokuzalwa kwezinkanyezi. Kulokhu sisho izinsalela zezinkanyezi. IPlanethi Nebula ivela ekubonweni kokuqala okwakukhona kwalezi zinto ezibukeka ziyindilinga. Lapho impilo yenkanyezi ifinyelela ekugcineni, ikhanya kakhulu esifundeni se-ultraviolet se-spectrum ye-electromagnetic. Le radiation ye-ultraviolet ikhanyisa igesi ekhishwa yimisebe ye-ionizing ngakho-ke kwakhiwa i-nebula yeplanethi.

Imibala engabonakala ezintweni ezahlukahlukene isendaweni ethile ecacile yobude. Futhi ukuthi ama-athomu e-hydrogen akhipha isibani esibomvu, kuyilapho ama-athomu oksijini ekhanyisa okuluhlaza.

I-Helix Nebula iyinkanyezi ye-cosmic ivame ukuthwetshulwa yizazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela ngemibala yayo egqamile nokufana kwayo neso elikhulu. Yatholwa ngekhulu le-18 futhi itholakala ngeminyaka engaba ngu-650 yokukhanya ku-constellation i-Aquarius.

Kungashiwo ukuthi ama-nebulae aseplanethi ayizinsalela zezinkanyezi, esikhathini esedlule, ezazifana neLanga lethu. Lapho lezi zinkanyezi zifa, zikhiphela zonke izingqimba zegesi emkhathini. Lezi zingqimba zishiswa ngumongo oshisayo wenkanyezi efile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfanyana omhlophe. Ukukhanya okwenzekayo kungabonakala kuwo womabili amabanga amade abonakalayo nalawo we-infrared.

Ukucabanga nokukhipha ama-nebulae

Asikwazi ukuqeda lokhu okuthunyelwe ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi kukhona ama-nebulae agcina lezi zici ezimbili ezishiwo ezinhlotsheni ezedlule. Iningi lama-nebulae wokukhipha ngokuvamile angama-90% e-hydrogen, okusele kuyi-helium, i-oxygen, i-nitrogen, nezinye izakhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-nebulae akhanyayo ngokuvamile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngoba lowo ngumbala ohlakazeka kalula.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-Universe yethu igcwele izinto ezingakholeki ezingasishiya simangele. Wake wayibona i-nebula? Sishiyele umbono wakho 🙂