Isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi esinye sezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-Alps yi I-Mont Blanc. Kusho intaba emhlophe ngesiFulentshi futhi itholakala maphakathi nezwe elihle impela entshonalanga yeCaucasus futhi ingumakhelwane wezinguzunga zeqhwa eziningi ezondla yonke imifula ezungezile. Njengoba iyintaba efunwa kakhulu abagibeli bezintaba, isibe enye yezidume kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, i-geology kanye nemvelaphi yeMont Blanc.
Izici eziyinhloko
Siyazi ukuthi izintaba yinto ejwayelekile ezintabeni. Futhi ukuthi eMont Blanc kuwumsebenzi owenzeka njalo kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ubona amanani amakhulu abagibeli nabagibeli bezintaba bezama ukufinyelela kule ngqungquthela. Abokuqala ukufika esiqongweni kwakungu kwakunguJacques Balmat noMichel Gabriel Pacard ngo-1786Eminyakeni engama-26 ngemuva kokuthi isazi sokuma komhlaba nesazi semvelo uHorace-Bénédict de Saussure amemezele umvuzo omkhulu kunoma ngubani ophumelele. Inhloso yalesi sazi sokuma komhlaba yayikwazi ukubala ukuphakama okuphezulu kwalesi siqongo. Ukuze ngenze lezi zifundo, ngidinga umgibeli wezintaba ukuze ngifinyelele phezulu.
IMont Blanc itholakala emngceleni ophakathi kweFrance ne-Italy nentshonalanga yezintaba zaseCaucasus. Ngeyentaba ye-Alps futhi ifinyelela endaweni yaseSwitzerland. Inokukhethekile nokuthi inenani eliphakeme le-pyramidal. Isiqongo sitholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesiqongo kungamamitha angu-4809 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngakho-ke, kuba yinselele kubagibeli bezintaba abaningi abazama ukufinyelela engqungqutheleni yayo ngesikhathi sasehlobo.
Njengoba bekulindelekile, yize kusehlobo, le ngqungquthela imbozwe ungqimba lweqhwa neqhwa. Ubukhulu besiphetho esishiwoyo buzohluka ngokuya ngesizini. Noma kunjalo, ineqhwa elingapheli. Lokhu kwenza ukuphakama okubaliwe kwentaba kungabi okunembe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngeziqongo ezimbalwa ezimbozwe iqhwa. Kuwo wonke umfula iMont Blanc sithola iziqongo eziningana kanye nomunye wemithambeka emide emide yezintaba ezikhona ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Lo mthambeka omile ungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3.500 XNUMX ubude.
Akubalulekile kuphela kubagibeli bezintaba nasebuhleni bamathafa, kepha kukhona nezigodi eziningi ezihlala izimbali nezilwane eziningi emithambekeni ye-massif. Kukhona izinguzunga zeqhwa eziningana eziye zaguguza ingxenye yemithambeka. Inguzunga yeqhwa enkulu kunazo zonke iMer de Glace. Iyisigaxa seqhwa esikhulu kunazo zonke eFrance futhi sihumushela olwandle lweqhwa.
Ukwakheka kweMont Blanc
Kuyintaba ene engaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-300 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, igama elikhulu lokuqedela konke ukwakheka kwalo ngokuphelele cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-15 edlule. Isakhiwo sigoqwe ngokuphelele kusukela ukwakheka kwaso kungenxa yokusongwa koqweqwe lomhlaba ngenxa yokuhamba kwangaphakathi kweplanethi. Njengoba izingcwecwe zasolwandle nezamazwekazi zinezinto ezahlukahlukene ekugcineni ukufuduka kokunye kukwenza komile kulezi zintaba.
Ngaleso sikhathi ngenkathi kwakhiwa iMont Blanc, iPangea yayiwukuphela kwezwekazi elikhulu. Sikhuluma ngesikhathi sePaleozoic. Kulapha lapho i-supercontinent yaqala ukuqhekeka futhi yagcina ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlabathi ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweplanethi azimanga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indlela yokusebenza yamatectonic plate isasebenza nanamuhla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuhamba kwezigidi zeminyaka, ukunyakaza kwaqhubeka ukwenzeka kuqweqwe lomhlaba, kwaveza iMont Blanc.
Kakade ekupheleni kwe- isikhathi se-cretaceous, ipuleti lase-Apuliya nepuleti lase-Eurasia zaqala ukungqubuzana. Lokhu kungqubuzana kwamapuleti we-tectonic kudale ukuthi kuqhume uqweqwe lwamadwala nolwelwesi olwenziwe amafolda. IMont Blanc kucatshangwa ukuthi akuyona nje into eyingxenye yedwala elingenalutho elivela olwandle lwasendulo. Isisindo sonke saso besikhuphuka ukuphakama ngenxa yengcindezi eyenziwe yipuleti lase-Afrika eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu edlule.
Amakamelo angaphansi kwamakristalu kwakuwuhlobo lwedwala olwakha iMont Blanc. Lezi zindlu zangaphansi zakhiwa ngokusongwa kwedwala ngenxa yengcindezi eyenziwe amapuleti etektoni. Lokhu kudale ukuthi intaba ibe nommango odalwa ukuguguleka kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaqhwa. Sekukonke, ukwakheka kokubukeka kwakho konke lokhu kwanikeza umumo oyisicaba okhumbuza ummese.
Izimbali nezilwane zaseMont Blanc
Yize le ntaba inobuhle obuhle bokuba neqhwa elibandayo, futhi inokuhluka okuhle nezinkambu eziluhlaza ezizungezile. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukubona ukuthi kuzo zonke izindawo zensimu eluhlaza kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Izinhlobo eziningi ezihambela uhla lwezintaba zibhekene nokuphakama, amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye ne-asidi yomhlaba. Njengoba ubungalindela, ukusinda kule ndawo kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo lapha. Noma kunjalo, ukujwayela kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwasho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zingaphila.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo, utshani nezinye izitshalo ezincane zikhula engxenyeni engezansi yentaba. Le ngxenye engezansi inezimo zemvelo ezithokozisayo ngohlobo lwazo. Emaceleni we-massif singathola ama-conifers afana ne-firs kanye ne-larches. Ezinye izinhlobo ezinjengeRanunculus glacialis zingaphila kuze kufike kumamitha angama-4.000 ukuphakama.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane, siyabona ukuthi zimelwe ngama-chamois, izinyamazane ezibomvu, izimpungushe ezibomvu, ama-sea specks, izimvemvane, ukhozi lwegolide, amabhu nezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu nofezela. Akubona bonke abahlala ezintabeni kanjalo, kepha abanye bayakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu lapho kuneqhwa kuphela. Zingamamitha angaba ngu-3.500 XNUMX ukuphakama.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeMont Blanc nezici zayo.