Un i-meteotsunami Kuyisenzakalo sesimo sezulu esihlanganisa uchungechunge lwamagagasi olwandle alimazayo anezilinganiso zesikhashana nezendawo njengetsunami evamile, kodwa anomehluko eminingana. Nakuba ama-tsunami avamile engumsuka wokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-meteorological tsunami awawona, okungukuthi, awabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukudilika kwenhlabathi kolwandle, noma ithonya lama-meteorite olwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini i-meteotsunami, yiziphi izici zayo kanye nemiphumela yayo.
Yini i-meteotsunami
I-Meteotsunami ibangelwa izinguquko ezisheshayo zokucindezela komkhathi, okufana nezindawo ezibandayo ezivela ekudumeni kwezulu okunamandla noma imigqa yama-squall, okuthi kuhlanganiswa nesivinini, ubukhulu kanye nokuqina kwamagagasi.
Inhlanganisela yalezi zenzakalo ikhiqiza igagasi eligxilile njengoba lifika emhlabeni, kodwa ukwenzeka kwalo ogwini kuncike ezicini zeshalofu lezwekazi. Ukujula kwetheku elingashoni noma izimbobo ezinde eziwumngcingo zinikeza ukuzwakala okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu ngakho-ke kuthinteka kakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-tsunami e-meteorological kanye nokuqubuka kwesiphepho ukuthi kunzima ukubikezela. Lezi zinganyamalala ukukhiqiza amagagasi aphakathi nendawo noma izindawo ezisogwini ezigcwele amanzi amaningi.
Eziqhingini zaseMedithera yaseSpain, ama-meteotsunami abizwa ngokuthi i-rissaga. Ezwekazini laseSpain zingama-rissague, marubbio eSicily, ama-abiki e-Japan kanye ne-seebär e-Baltic.
I-meteotsunami erekhodiwe enamandla kakhulu
I-meteotsunami enamandla kunazo zonke kuze kube manje yenzeke e-Croatia ngoJuni 21, 1978. Shaya ugu lweVela Luka esiqhingini saseKorčula ngamagagasi angamamitha angama-60. Amagagasi afika futhi ahamba amahora amaningana, eqala ngo-5:30 ekuseni. Lingene echwebeni langena edolobheni eliqhele ngamamitha angu-650 ukusuka ogwini, lacekela phansi yonke into esendleleni yalo. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo akusona nje sendawo kuphela, kodwa sithinta izindawo ezinkulu eningizimu-maphakathi ne-Adriatic, phakathi kweCroatia neMontenegro, naphakathi kweGiulianova neBari e-Italy.
Ngo-2008, i-meteotsunami efinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-36 yahlasela itheku laseBoothbay, eMaine, eU.SA. Ngo-1929, i-tsunami enkulu yesimo sezulu yahlasela iLake Michigan, yabulala abantu abayishumi ngenxa yamagagasi. Ngo-1979, i-Nagasaki Bay yonakaliswa yi-abiki, futhi ngo-1984 amagagasi afinyelela kumamitha angu-4 kwenzeka eziQhingini zaseBalearic. Amanye ama-meteotsunami babonwa ngasogwini lwaseChicago ngo-1954, ePune ngo-2009, naseChesapeake Bay ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States ngo-2012.
I-Rissagas eYurophu
Njengoba kulindelekile, lesi simo siyinqaba kakhulu, futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokuthola imbangela yomsuka wawo. Lesi simo saziwa kudala, ikakhulukazi eCiutadella. Kunezinkomba ezithile zokuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi ethekwini laseCiutadella ekhulwini leshumi nanhlanu. Yiwo wonke la magagasi anobukhulu obungajwayelekile futhi enzeka ngesikhathi esifushane.
Into evamile ukuthi ubukhulu bamagagasi ezinkanyezi ngokucabangela uLwandle iMedithera ngokuvamile buba ngamasentimitha angu-20 emahoreni ambalwa. Lena into ecishe ingabonakali ngeso lenyama. Noma kunjalo, ama-rissagas akhiqiza ama-amplitudes angaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 ubude ngemizuzu eyi-10 nje.
Umsuka wama-rissaga wawungaziwa kuze kube muva nje, lapho okwengeziwe kwakwaziwa ngesimo sezulu kanye nendima yamagagasi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umsuka we-rissagas ungase ube ngokwesayensi yezinkanyezi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inohlobo lokusebenza olufana nolwamanzi. Kuphinde kucatshangwe ukuthi kungase kube nomsuka wokuzamazama komhlaba. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yamagagasi ahlukahlukene akhiqizwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kolwandle, akhuliswa lapho efika echwebeni. Nokho, yonke le mibono yanele ukuchaza lesi simo. Okungenani incazelo iwukuthi lesi simo sasivame kakhulu kule nsimu yezithelo hhayi kwezinye izinsimu.
Imbangela yangempela yayingaziwa kwaze kwaba ngo-1934, ngemva kwezifundo eziningana zokuguquguquka okungavamile ezingeni lolwandle. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi imbangela ye-rissagas umkhathi. Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu okungazelelwe ezingeni lolwandle kuhlotshaniswa nokunye ukushintshashintsha okungazelelwe komfutho womkhathi. Thatha iCiutadella eziQhingini zaseBalearic, okuwumphumela wokusebenzelana komkhathi nolwandle. Abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi i-rissaga iyinkolelo-mbono evela emiphumeleni yamaza adonsela phansi akhiqizwa endaweni ephakathi nendawo. Lawa magagasi adonsela phansi ayenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukugunda komoya kubangelwa ukuzungeza kwengcindezi yomoya endaweni engaphezulu.
Isimo somkhathi se-meteotsunami
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zomkhathi okungenzeka kakhulu zikhuthaze i-meteotsunami. Izimo ezi-3 eziyinhloko zomkhathi ezivumela lesi simo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Kufanele kube nemimoya enamandla yaseningizimu-ntshonalanga phakathi ne-troposphere engenhla. Le mimoya kufanele ivunguze ngaphambi kokuba ithinte izigodi ezijulile zeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.
- Ngamazinga amanzi angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1500, kufanele kube nesisindo somoya esiphezulu esiholela ekuguqukeni okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinga lamanzi nomoya ongaphezu kolwandle. Umoya ongaphezulu uzophola kunalokhu.
- Indawo engaphezulu kufanele ibe nemisinga yasempumalanga ebuthakathaka ukuya kwemaphakathi.
Isimo sokugcina, uma sisanda kuqinisekiswa, akudingekile ngokuphelele ukuthi i-rissagas yenzeke. Ama-Rissagas avela emimoyeni eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngezinye izikhathi angabonwa phezulu. Ochwepheshe besimo sezulu saseMedithera baphethe ngokuthi lezi zimo zomoya ezinhle zama-rissaga zenzeka phakathi nengxenye yonyaka efudumele. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa ephezulu yalesi simo kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba.
Izikhathi ezihambisanayo
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kuqalwe futhi kuqashwe i-rissagas isimo sezulu esibonisa lezi zimo. Ezinsukwini lapho ama-rissagas enzeka khona, isibhakabhaka sivame ukumbozwa izingqimba zamafu aminyene, acwebile. Njengenjwayelo, Akuvamisile ukuguqubala ngezansi, kodwa isibhakabhaka sibonakala njengokuguquguquka nokuphuzi ngenxa yobumnyama. Intuthu iphuma othulini oluphephethwa ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Kwezinye izimo, amafu ambalwa nje ahlakazekile awabonisi ukunyakaza okuqondile okubalulekile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-meteotsunami nezici zayo.