Ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako emibi emhlabeni jikelele, ukusebenza kwezinqwaba ezinkulu zeqhwa ezwenikazi i-Antarctic kudlala indima ebalulekile. Esinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ukwanda komphumela wokushisa okushisayo obangelwa ukungcola ngokweqile okuvela emisebenzini yezomnotho yabantu.
Umphakathi wesayensi usungulwe njengomkhawulo wokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi komhlaba ukwanda kweziqu ezimbili. Ukusuka lapho, izinguquko kumkhathi wethu nasezinhlotsheni zokuphila bezizobe zivele zingalungiseki futhi zingalindelekile. Kungakho amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu ejoyinile ekulweni nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi esevumile Isivumelwano SaseParis.
Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Nature lukhombisa ukuthi izingcezu zeqhwa zase-East Antarctica zibonakala zinjalo izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu ngaphambi kwemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kubangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ngokunyuka kolwandle oluzoba khona eminyakeni ezayo njengoba izingqimba zeqhwa ezikuleyo ndawo zincibilika ngesivinini esikhulu kunokulindelekile.
Ukuthi lezi zindawo ziyancibilika ngaphambi kwesikhathi obekulindelwe kusikisela ukuthi ziyazwela kakhulu ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Iqembu lochwepheshe eBelgium, eNetherlands naseJalimane lihlaziye imininingwane etholwe emkhakheni, amamodeli wesimo sezulu nezithombe zesathelayithi. Ngenxa yale mininingwane, siyaziwa isizathu sokuthi le ndawo isengozini kakhulu. Kumele emimoyeni enamandla ethwala umoya oshisayo futhi ehambisa iqhwa ebusweni bayo. Yize noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe abakwazi ukubikezela kahle indlela yokuziphatha le ndawo ezokuba nayo maqondana negalelo ekwandeni kolwandle e-Antarctica.
Ukufuduswa kweqhwa ebusweni ngumoya oshisayo, owomile kudala i-microclimate yendawo ethe xaxa lapho kuvela khona inani elincane lezindawo ezishisayo, kufaka phakathi umgodi ongaqondakali owawutholakala eminyakeni embalwa edlule eshalofini leqhwa iKing Baudouin. Emuva ngaleso sikhathi lapho kutholakala umgodi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kungumphumela womthelela wemeteorite. Kepha namhlanje sekuyaziwa ukuthi yichibi elidilikile elinokugaya ngaphakathi. Lesi sigayo siyimbobo ethela amanzi olwandle.
Ngokulandelayo, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamaqembu ochwepheshe luye lwathola amachibi amaningi anamanzi angamanzi afihlwe ngaphansi kobuso beqhwa. Amanye alawa machibi angamakhilomitha amaningana ngosayizi. Lokhu kungaba ubufakazi bokuthi imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu iyanda kulezi zindawo ezisengcupheni njengoba amanzi ancibilika emgodini wentaba-mlilo enyuka kakhulu kusukela onyakeni kuya komunye.
Olunye ucwaningo oluvela emanyuvesi ase-United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany nase-United States lufunde ngokuziphatha nokubaluleka kwamaqhwa e-Antarctica. Kuyaphethwa ukuthi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu esifundeni nasendaweni, bekwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani iqhwa lolwandle eningizimu yezwe iqhubekile nokukhuphuka, naphezu kokufudumala okwenzeka emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-paleoclimate ezizama ukuchaza izinguquko kwesimo sezulu kuwo wonke umlando azikunakile ukwehluka kwesimo sezulu okuye kwafakwa kumarekhodi e-paleoclimate, yingakho engaphelele ngandlela thile.
"Izintaba zeqhwa eziningi eziqhephuka e-Antarctic ice sheet zizulazula kulesi sifunda ngenxa yokusakazeka komkhathi nolwandle", esitatimendeni UMichael Weber, i-paleoclimatologist e-University of Cambridge (UK).
Ososayensi baqinisekisa ukuthi izinkathi ezenzeke kuwo wonke umlando wokushintshana kokulahleka nokwanda kweqhwa zibe “umphumela we-cascading”Ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwesimo sezulu. Lokho, izinguquko kwesimo sezulu esenzeke amashumi eminyaka kungaba nomthelela omkhulu eqhweni elibanzi le-Antarctica futhi lokho kungaqhubeka nokwanda futhi nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula.