La Ukucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Baetic Depression, ingozi yendawo eningizimu ye-Spain. Leli ithafa elingunxantathu elinobude obungamakhilomitha angama-330. Ifinyelela ububanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-200 futhi inciphe njengoba iya empumalanga. Ukucindezeleka kugijima emaphethelweni e-Castilian Plateau futhi kuvulela oLwandle i-Atlantic, lapho kugeleza khona uMfula i-Guadalquivir.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, igeography kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Guadalquivir Depression itholakala e-Andalusia, eSpain, futhi iyisifunda esiseningizimu yezwe, esitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Amayunithi ayo e-geological and morphological nazo zonke izakhi zawo zemvelo (i-topography, i-topography, izitshalo, izilwane, njll.) Badabula izifundazwe ezinhlanu zaseJaén, eCórdoba, eCádiz, eHuelva naseSeville. Ngaphakathi kunendawo evikelekile, futhi iyiDoñana National Park.
Amanzi omfula abaluleke kakhulu adlula kuleli thafa iGuadalquivir. Engxenyeni yayo yokugcina, kuvela amaxhaphozi egama elifanayo, agcwele isenzo somfula ngezikhukhula kanye namagagasi oLwandle i-Atlantic.
Ukucindezeleka kuvinjelwe i-Sierra de Bética enyakatho, i-Atlantic Ocean eningizimu, i-Sierra de Penibética empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga, kanye ne-Sierra Morena eyihlukanisa nethafa ukuya entshonalanga. Amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-600 ezintaba ze-alpine ahlukanisa ingcindezi yaseGuadalquivir nogu lweMedithera.
Umkhakha we-Penibético uhamba phambili uma uqhathaniswa nomkhakha wangaphakathi noma we-Subbético. Kukhona iSierra Nevada, phakathi kwazo kukhona izintaba, lapho iPico Veleta, engamamitha angu-3392 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanye neMulhacén, engamamitha angu-3478 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyizindawo eziphakeme kunazo zonke kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo yase-Iberia.
Umsuka wokucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir
Kunqunywe ukuthi i-Guadalquivir Depression yaqala eMiocene. Kwavela emseleni owaqala ngokucwila kwenhlabathi yasolwandle Yemfundo Ephakeme ebangelwa ukunyakaza kwezintaba. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani leli thafa linikeza ama-reliefs, amafomu awo abonisa ukuguquguquka okuthambile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kokudangala kuhambisana nokugoqa kweSierra Subbética, okubonisa ukuthi yayinenqubo ephakamisayo. Okusho ukuthi, ekucindezelekeni kwe-Guadalquivir umsele wagoqa, wadala umsele, umsele, lapho uLwandle i-Atlantic kanye noLwandle iMedithera bexhumana khona. Kodwa-ke, ukubekwa kweGuadalquivir Valley akuzange kuqale kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweSikhungo Semfundo Ephakeme. Lokhu kwakuvaliwe engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho; okuholela ekutshalweni nasekusatshalalisweni kabusha kwamanzi abenisela indawo.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuguqulwa, okungazange kwenzeke kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Pliocene, ikhipha amanzi olwandle ekucindezelekeni. Izintaba ze-Betic ezikhulayo zenze ugu olusha lapho umlomo we-Guadalquivir uvela khona. Uma kubhekwa ukuba khona njalo kwamanzi emfuleni, indawo eyaba umphumela yaba nokuguguleka okungapheli. Le nqubo yacekela phansi lesi sikhala semfundo ephakeme okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla, kwavula indawo enomswakama kakhulu enohlaza.
Ekugcineni, amaxhaphozi avela engxenyeni yokugcina yokucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir. Izikhukhula ezivamile zomfula zivumela ukuthi kufakwe i-alluvial deposit ngenkathi yezimvula, lapho okubonakalayo kuhudulwa ukuze kwakhiwe amathafa namathafa anemfucumfucu yasemhlabeni. Iningi lalezi zinto zithambile, nakuba ubulukhuni bazo bungashintshashintsha, njengoba kufakazelwa umehluko wesimo sendawo endaweni.
Ukuma kwendawo yendlela
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir kungamakhilomitha angu-30 ubude namakhilomitha angu-200 ububanzi, futhi iba mncane njengoba uya empumalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesilinganiso sokuphakama esingamamitha angu-150, imidwebo embalwa ibonwa kulo lonke ithafa futhi cishe azikho izintaba ezibonwa emagqumeni aseduze neChiclana, Jerez, Montilla neCarmona. Ama-limestones noma ama-molasses nawo anomkhathizwe oqinile.
Nokho, akuwona umhlaba oyisicaba ophethe i-Guadalquivir Depression, kodwa amagquma athambile. Kunezigodi zemifula ezinothile ezizungezwe amasimu anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, nakuba umthetho ojwayelekile uwukuthi uma uhamba eduze kweGuadalquivir, isigodi siba banzi, kuze kube yilapho indawo esentshonalanga isiyisicaba futhi kutholakala amaxhaphozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Guadalquivir Depression ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi amane. Ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile ze-morphological kanye ne-geological.
Amaxhaphozi kanye nogu lwe-Guadalquivir depression
Amaxhaphozi abusa umhlaba, ehlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angu-2.000, kodwa bebehlehla njengoba amanzi olwandle engena endaweni ngamashaneli namachweba.
Ngasohlangothini lwalo, ugu luguquguquka kakhulu, nezingxenye zalo ezibonakala ngemicibisholo yasogwini nezintambo zendunduma, ezithonywa ngokuqondile imisinga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Futhi, izinto ze-geological ngokuvamile zithambile futhi zivundile, njengetshe, udaka, isihlabathi, nobumba.
Lokhu kumiswa kwe-topographic kwenza ingxenye enkulu yesigodi sokudangala kwe-Guadalquivir ilungele ezolimo. Kukhona izitshalo zemifino, okusanhlamvu, izihlahla zomnqumo nezihlahla zezithelo. Ngakho-ke, le ngxenye yeSpain ibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe njengoba ukudla kwayo okuningi kuvela lapho.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-Guadalquivir ayinakuchazwa ngokugcwele njengethafa eligcwele amathafa, njengoba lokhu kungaba ukujwayelekile. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zithombe eziqoshiwe azinawo ukuphakama okukhulu, akhona namagquma nezintaba okufakazela ukuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinga lamanzi e-Guadalquivir liphakeme kakhulu futhi, njengoba liguguleka izwe, liyagebha ukuze lenze amasimu nezigodi.
Ukuqhathanisa nokucindezeleka kwe-Ebro
I-Ebro depression iyisigodi esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeSpain. Umfula i-Ebro uwela kuwo. Iqhathaniswa nokudangala kwe-Guadalquivir ngokubaluleka nangohlamvu, futhi kufanele, njengoba ihlanganyela izici eziningi, nakuba kungashiwo kuphela ezivelele kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokuba mkhulu, kokubili ama-depression anomumo ongunxantathu, embozwe ngenhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokunisela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngamanzi omfula. Okunye okwengezwe kulolu hlu olufushane lokufana ukuphakama okuphansi kwe-depressions, ukuhlobana kwabo neSpanishi, ingasaphathwa eyesikhathi sakudala esibonakalayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukudangala kwe-Guadalquivir kanye ne-Ebro nakho kwethule umehluko ongenakubalwa wobuningi nowekhwalithi. Ngenxa yokuthi zigcina isikhathi futhi ziqondile, azilingani lapha, ngakho-ke zintathu kuphela ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile: iminyaka ye-geological, uhlobo lokugcwaliswa kanye nesimo sendawo yesigodi.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokudangala kwe-Guadalquivir nezici zako.