Ngaphakathi kwesayensi esiyazi njenge-geology, kunegatsha elikhethekile kakhulu elibhekele ukutadisha nokuhlaziya konke ukuguqulwa okwenzeka emhlabeni wethu. Leli gatsha le-geology laziwa ngegama le- i-geology yomlando. Leli gatsha lihlose ukutadisha zonke izinguquko ezenzekayo emhlabeni wethu futhi ezisukela ekwakhekeni kwalo kuze kube manje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka kwe-geology yomlando.
Izici eziyinhloko
Leli gatsha lesayensi lihlose ukutadisha ukuguqulwa okuyingxenye yokwakheka komhlaba enayo eMhlabeni selokhu yakhiwa cishe edlule Iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-4.570 kuze kube manje. Njengoba sazi, ukukhululeka komhlaba akuhlali njalo ngesikhathi. Uqweqwe loMhlaba wethu lwakhiwe ngamacwecwe e-tectonic. Lezi zingcwecwe zinenhlangano eyaziwa ngokuthi Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi futhi lokho kuqhutshwa yi imibukiso ye-convection yengubo yomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto esizibalulile, ziningi ama-geological agents yangaphandle eguqula futhi iguqule ukukhululeka njengoba sazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-geology yendawo ayizinzile eminyakeni edlule. Kokukodwa kwakungokwakheka komhlaba Kunokukhululeka okuningi kokuma komhlaba nokwakheka komhlaba okudale kakhulu kuye ngezitshalo, izilwane, isimo sezulu nezinye izinto emhlabeni wethu.
Ukuze kunqunywe ubude besikhathi obuhlobene noshintsho ngalunye lwe-geological, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zincike ezenzakalweni ezinkulu ezenzekile emhlabeni wethu. Ngale ndlela kuye kwenzeka uku-oda amatshe ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo kwamayunithi we-chronostratigraphic-scale scale. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi njengoba ukuze kukalwe isikhathi esenzeka kwiplanethi ezingeni lokuma komhlaba, kufanele sibale ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-landscape ngeke iguqulwe eminyakeni embalwa nje, noma ngesilinganiso somuntu. Umuntu uvame ukuhlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-80-100, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ukuguqulwa kokukhululeka akubonakali.
Inqubo yokwakheka komhlaba kanye nezinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba
I-geology yomlando yigatsha elizama ukuhlaziya inqubo ngayinye kanye nezehlakalo ezenzeke kuwo wonke umlando womhlaba weplanethi. Le micimbi yokwakheka komhlaba ibhalwe emadwaleni. Le yindlela esingathola ngayo inkumbulo eyiqiniso yeplanethi ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Kuwulwazi olubalulekile olusivezela ukuthi umhlaba uguquke kanjani.
Umsebenzi ophambili osayensi yokwakheka komhlaba abafunda ngawo i-geology yomlando ukwenza usuku nosuku zonke lezi zinqubo ngokwesilinganiso sesikhathi se-geological. Lezi zinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba zihamba kancane njengezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, lezi zinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba azenzeki endabeni yezinsuku, izinyanga, noma neminyaka. Banikezwa kusuka ezinkulungwaneni nasezigidini zeminyaka. Lokhu kuhamba kancane kungashiya umuzwa wokuqina nokuhlala unomphela kweso lomuntu. yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzeka ngokuzuma okukhulu. Isibonelo salokhu ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, i-avalanche, ukuzamazama komhlaba, phakathi kokunye.
Lezi zinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba zinejubane elingabonakala esikalini sesikhathi somuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizinqubo ezikwazi ukuguqula indawo yokusizakala ngendlela yokulungisa isimo isikhathi eside. Phambilini bekucatshangwa ukuthi iplanethi yethu yakha esikhathini esiyizinsuku eziyi-6 nokuthi ibineminyaka engeqile eminyakeni engama-6000. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nenkolo yamaKhatholika futhi kunqatshelwe ngenxa yolwazi olutholwe ngendlela yesayensi.
Omunye wemibono ngokwakhiwa kweplanethi yethu ukuthi izinqubo ezingazelelwe bekuyizo zodwa ezingaguqula ukukhululeka komhlaba ngesilinganiso sesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, isayensi ikukhombisile lokho ama-geological agents angaphandle afana nomoya, imvula, isimo sezulu, njll. Yibo ababeke ubungani bomhlaba phansi baze bafinyelela ekucushweni esinakho njengamanje. Siyazi futhi ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuguqula ukukhululeka ngokuqhubekayo nangokungabonakali kubantu.
Isikhathi se-Geological kanye ne-geology yomlando
Ngalesi sizathu sishilo ukuthi izinguquko ekusizeni koMhlaba azibonakali kubantu, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibheke esikhathini sokuma komhlaba. Ngamanye amagama, ikhulu leminyaka yisikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukukwazi ukubona umehluko ophawulekayo ekuguqulweni kosizo lomhlaba. Ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinguquko ezibonakalayo njengesibonelo inkambo yomfula noma ukuhlehla kwewa kufanele silinde cishe amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Olunye ushintsho olungenziwa ekuphumuleni ukuhamba kolimi lweqhwa noma ukwakhiwa kwechibi langaphandle.
Kukho konke lokhu esesikushilo, kunobunzima obukhulu ezifundweni zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, ngoba izikali zesikhala nesikhathi kufanele zisetshenziswe kusuka kubukhulu obusuka kumanani amancane kakhulu kuye kumanani esikalini esikhulu. Isilinganiso sesikhathi ku-geology kungashiwo ukuthi yiminyaka eyisigidi esisodwa. Lesi yisikhathi esanele sokuthi kubhekwe izinguquko ezibalulekile, njengokuthi kungaba yini ukuthi umfula ujulisa isigodi sawo, ogwini lungadonsela emuva emaweni noma izintaba zibhubhise iziqongo eziguguliwe.
Kusetshenziswa isikali esisetshenziswa izazi zokuma komhlaba nokusiqhathanisa namahora angama-24 osuku olunalo, kunganqunywa ngubani ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwehora ongalingana cishe neminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200. Siqhathanisa izinkathi zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzekile kuwo wonke umlando weplanethi yethu futhi kungashiwo ukuthi i-Precambrian eon izohambisana okungenani namahora ayi-9 kuthi eyasendulo ibe ngamahora ayi-12. Okunye okwaziwa ngokuthi inkathi eyinhloko yikhona obekuzoqala ngemuva kuka-21: 22.48 ntambama kanye nesikhathi sesibili ngo-37: XNUMX ekuseni. Isikhathi se-Quaternary, lapho kuqala khona ukuvela kwabantu bokuqala, sihlala cishe imizuzwana engama-XNUMX kuphela.
Konke lokhu kusishiya sikhungathekile lapho sibona ukuthi iminyaka engama-2.000 2.000 yomlando omkhulu womuntu ibizothatha kuphela okweshumi komzuzwana, ikwenze kucace ukuthi eminyakeni yobudala beplanethi yethu kanye nezikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona inqubo yokwakheka komhlaba, iminyaka engu-XNUMX XNUMX isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-geology yomlando.