Okunye ukungabaza ukuthi ngabe i-fulgurite kuyimbiwa noma idwala. Sikhuluma nge-mineraloid eyakhiwa umthelela wombani futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuwubufakazi bokuma kwalesi simo somkhathi. IFulgurite yaziwa kahle futhi ingeyama-mineraloid ahlukahlukene abizwa ngelechatelierite.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, imvelaphi kanye nezakhiwo ze-fulgurite.
Izici eziyinhloko
Sishilo ukuthi iyi- I-mineraloid eyenziwe ngesiteleka sombani. Iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwamaminerali lwakhiwa isiteleka sombani kuyahlaba umxhwele ngokwanele ukuthi luphenye ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba siphenya, sithola ukuthi iyamangalisa kanjani le mineraloid. Igama le-fulgurite livela egameni elithi fulgur ngesiLatin elisho umbani. Kungenzeka babe nge-mineraloid evumelekile eyaziwa ngegama lechatelierite. Ziyizakhiwo ze-amorphous ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-silicon oxide. Ukuze i-mineraloid ibhekwe ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kumele icishe yenziwe nge-silica.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwe-fulgurite olwenziwe ngezinye izinto. Ezinye zazo zakhiwe enhlabathini enobumba kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamatshe eziqembu le-metamorphic.
Izici ze-fulgurite
Le mineraloid yakhiwe kakhulu ngesihlabathi esinosilika. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungahluka ngokuya ngemvelo yokwakheka komhlaba lapho yakhiwe khona. Kuya ngesifunda somhlaba lapho umbani ushaye khona. Ama-fulgurites amaningi angakwazi aqukethe amanani amancane we-aluminium oxide, titanium, njll. Kumele zenziwe ikakhulukazi nge-silica oxide. Isibonelo, esinye sezizathu esenza amanye ama-fulgurites abe nemibala phakathi kwensundu noluhlaza okotshani kuyinyamazane yenyamazane equkethwe ku-iron oxide.
Kunemibala ehlukahlukene futhi ungaba nale mineraloid esukela kokumhlophe, ngaphuzi kuze kube mnyama. Izakhiwo i-fulgurite enazo zingabhidlika. Uma sihlaziya ukubukeka kwe-fulgurite, siyabona ukuthi inokhahlo futhi inezimo ezifana nezimpande zesihlahla. Izimpande eziningi zinokuma okuyindilinga.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-fulgurite
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imvelaphi yale mineraloid ivela esitelekeni sombani. Ukusuka kulezi zinto ezinamandla ezikhipha ugesi, lolu hlobo lwe-mineraloid lungakhiwa. Ukuze i-fulguritas Kuthatha okungenani ama-degree ayi-1600-2000 okushisa ukwakha. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi amandla ombani ahlukahluka aphakathi kuka-1-30 megajoules ngemitha.
Okwamanje isiteleka sombani siyazi ukuthi sihamba sinqamula phansi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho incibilika futhi ibangele ukuhlangana kwento yenhlabathi. Kukhona ukwakheka okunothile esihlabathini noma kubumba okungancibilika kusuka umbani. Ngale ndlela, izakhiwo ezinamagatsha ezinjengamashubhu zikhiqizwa lokho Zingakala ukusuka kumasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha ayi-15 ubude.
Kuma-specimens amaningi ubufakazi besikhala esivulekile sengilazi encibilikisiwe bungashiywa ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Ngaphandle, singabona kuphela ukuthungwa okunolaka okwenziwe ngama-granules esihlabathi namatshe amancane. Ukuma kwangaphakathi okumangazayo kwenzeka lapho sihlaziya i-fulgurite ngesibonakhulu se-electron.
Ngokusho kokwakheka ne-morphology, i-fulgurite ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana:
- I-fulgurite yesihlabathi: Yileyo ekhiqizwa lapho isiteleka sombani siwela enhlabathini enokuthungwa kwesihlabathi.
- I-Clay Fulgurite: kuvamise ukwakhiwa lapho isiteleka sombani senzeka emhlabathini onobuningi obuningi bese senza olunye uhlobo lwesakhiwo kule mineraloid.
- I-calcium sediment: Kungokunye ukuhlukahluka okunenani elikhulu le-calcium ngendlela yezidalwa ezinamanzi.
- I-rock fulgurite: ivame ukwakhiwa kwamanye amadwala futhi eyodwa kuzo zombili izakhiwo. Imvamisa iba mikhulu ngosayizi futhi iba nobulukhuni obuphakeme.
- Ama-fulgurites amakhulu: zingaba yindilinga noma zimiswe okwehlayo.
Amadamu nokusetshenziswa
Ekuqaleni kwendatshana sishilo ukuthi le mineraloid ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke. Siyazi ukuthi nsuku zonke imibani eyizinkulungwane ishaya ebusweni bomhlaba. Yize ikakhulukazi edolobheni esihlala kulo, kungekho mbani oshayayo, imvamisa iwela ezindaweni zemvelo ezingahlali abantu kangako. Ukuze umbani ushaye ngaphezulu, kufanele kube nezimo ezithile ezilungele wona.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zokubheka amadiphozi ale mineraloid izingwadule, izindunduma ezisogwini ngisho nasezintabeni. Ezwenikazi laseMelika kushaya imibani eminingi, ngakho-ke kukhona amadiphozi aphawulekayo e-fulgurite. Batholakale ku- Amabhishi aseMaldonado, ugwadule i-Atacama, ugwadule iSonora kanye nase-Utah, Arizona naseMichigan. Omunye wemithombo ye-fulgurite edume kakhulu emhlabeni ugwadule iSahara, olusezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Njengoba ungalindela, abantu basebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ukuthi bazisebenzise. Izicelo zibaluleke ngokusobala kuyo yonke indawo yesayensi. Futhi, ngenxa yalokhu kuqeqeshwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe kabusha ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu sangaphambi komlando ezifundeni ezithile. Ngokusetshenziswa kwale mineraloid, kungenzeka ukwazi izimo zezemvelo ezazikhona esifundeni esithile eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Le ngxenye iba ebalulekile uma sifuna ukuqonda ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Vele, bekulindeleke ukuthi abantu bakwazile ukuba neFulgurite ngezindlela zokuzenzela. Ukunakwa kungaba yingozi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-arc kagesi enezingcingo eziphakeme. Uma kungenziwanga kahle kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngokusebenza ngombani. Lesi yisona sizathu esenza i-fulgurite ithambekele ekubeni nentengo ephakeme ngokuzenzela kunemvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-fulgurite nezici zayo.