Isikhathi se-Paleozoic sinezigaba ezi-5 ezihlukaniswe ngezikhathi lapho izehlakalo ezahlukahlukene ezibaluleke kakhulu zebhayoloji nezomhlaba zenzekile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho Isikhathi se-Devonia. Lesi sikhathi sithathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-56 lapho iplanethi yethu yathola ushintsho olukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa nasezingeni lomhlaba.
Kulesi sihloko sizogxila ekukutsheleni izici, isimo sezulu, i-geology, izitshalo nezilwane zesikhathi se-Devonia.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lesi sikhathi saqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-416 edlule futhi saphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-359 edlule. Njengenjwayelo, kufanele siphawule ukuthi kokubili ukuqala nokuphela kwenkathi akunembe kangako ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi olunembile. Lesi yisikhathi sesine senkathi yePaleozoic. Ngemuva kwenkathi ye-Devonia kufika i- Isikhathi se-carboniferous.
Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa okubanzi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene ezilwane, ikakhulukazi lawo ahlala ezindaweni zasolwandle. Kwakukhona nezinguquko ezibalulekile ezindaweni zokuhlala zasemhlabeni njengoba kwavela izitshalo ezinkulu nezilwane zokuqala zasemhlabeni. Yize kube yisikhathi lapho impilo yayihlukahluka emazingeni amakhulu, i-Devonia nayo inegama elithandekayo njengesikhathi lapho inani elikhulu lezilwane laphela. Kunenkulumo yokuncipha kokucishwa kokuphila okungu-80% emhlabeni wethu.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenzeka umcimbi wokuqothulwa okukhulu okwenza izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezazihlala ngaleso sikhathi zanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esinenkathi ye-Devonia, ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zikhathi:
- I-Lower Devonian. Yakhiwa ngokulandelana ngeminyaka emi-3 ebizwa ngeLochkovian, Pragian ne-Emsian.
- I-Middle Devonian: yahlanganisa iminyaka emibili ebizwa ngokuthi u-Eifelian noGivetian
- I-Upper Devonian: lakhiwa amadolobha amabili abizwa ngeFrasniense neFameniense.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi kwaba nesinye sezehlakalo zokuqothulwa kwamazinga eplanethi okwadala ukulahleka okukhulu kwezinhlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala olwandle lwengxenye eshisayo. Izinhlobo ezithinteke kakhulu ngamakhorali, inhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, phakathi kwabanye. Ngenhlanhla, izinhlobo eziningi ezihlala ezindaweni eziphila emhlabeni azizange zithinteke ngenxa yokuqothulwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunqotshwa kwendawo yokuhlala yasemhlabeni kungaqhubeka nakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi kakhulu.
I-geology ye-Devonian
Lesi sikhathi simakwe ngomsebenzi omuhle wamapuleti we-tectonic. Kwakunokuthintwa okuningana okwakha ama-supercontinents amasha njengokumiswa kweLaurasia. Isifunda esikhulu sezwe esaziwa ngegama likaGondwana naso sakhiwa sanakekelwa. Yindawo enkulu yomhlaba ehlala sonke isikhala esisigxotsheni esiseningizimu yeplanethi.. Ingxenye esenyakatho yoMhlaba yayihlalwa yiSiberia kanye nolwandle olukhulu futhi olujulile iPanthalassa Ocean. Lonke ulwandle lwalumboze cishe lonke izwe elisenyakatho.
Ngokombono we-orogeny, lesi yisikhathi lapho kwaqala khona izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwezintaba, phakathi kwazo esinazo Izintaba ze-Appalachian.
Isimo sezulu sesikhathi se-Devonia
Izimo zezulu ezazikhona emhlabeni wethu ngesikhathi seDevonia zazizinze ngokwedlulele. Ukuqhamuka kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba kwakushisa futhi kunomswakama ngezimvula eziningi. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esomile nesomile sasikhona ngaphakathi kwenqwaba yezwekazi.
Isilinganiso sokushisa somhlaba jikelele siseduze kwama-degree angama-30. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, ukwehla okuqhubekayo okuncane kwaba nakho, kwafinyelela kuma-degree angama-25. Kamuva ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Devonia, amazinga okushisa ancipha aze afika kwesinye seziqhwa eziguqule umhlaba wethu kuwo wonke umlando.
ukuphila
Ngalesi sikhathi kube nezinguquko ezinkulu maqondana nezidalwa eziphilayo. Olunye lwalezi zinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukunqotshwa okucacile kwemvelo yasemhlabeni. Ake siqale sihlaziye izimbali.
Flora
Esikhathini esandulela i-Devonia, izitshalo ezincane zemithambo efana nama-ferns zase ziqalile ukukhula. Lawa maferneni amancane ayethola intuthuko enkulu ezicini ezahlukahlukene, okumelwe kakhulu ubukhulu bawo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nazo zavela ebusweni bamazwekazi, njengama-lycopodiophytes. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo ezingakwazanga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo futhi zagcina zingasekho.
Ukwanda kwezitshalo zasemhlabeni kwaletha njengomphumela ukwanda kokwanda komoya-mpilo owawukhona emoyeni kusukela lapho izitshalo zenze inqubo ye-photosynthesis ngenxa yemibala ye-chlorophyll. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakulula kakhulu ukuthi impilo yasemhlabeni isabalale ngemvelo yasemhlabeni.
Fauna
Ekugcineni, izilwane zihluka kakhulu ngesikhathi seDevonias siqala ngezinhlanzi. Lingelinye lamaqembu abhekane nokwanda okukhulu ezingeni labantu. Abaningi babiza le nkathi iminyaka yobudala bezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo ezinjenge AmaSarcopterygians, ama-Actinopterygii, ama-Ostracoderms namaSelacians.
Izimbangela zokuqothulwa kwesikhathi se-Devonia
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi kwenzeka inqubo yokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi. Kuthinte kakhulu izinhlobo eziphilayo zezilwandle. Ukuqothulwa kwaphela cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezintathu. Izimbangela zalokhu kushabalala okukhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ama-meteor
- Ukwehla okubucayi kwamazinga e-oxygen ezilwandle
- Ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba
- Ukukhula kwezitshalo noma isisindo
- Umsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo
Phakathi kwezizathu esizibekile kungenzeka kube nokungabaza ngokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakhula izitshalo ezinkulu zemithambo, zaba yisilinganiso samamitha angama-30 ukuphakama ebusweni bamazwekazi. Lokhu kube nomphumela omubi odala ukungalingani ezimweni zemvelo, ngoba lezi zitshalo zizoqala ukumunca inani elikhulu lamanzi nezakhamzimba ezisemhlabathini ebezingasetshenziswa ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Lokhu kubangele ukulahleka kwemvelo ehlukahlukene.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi se-Devonia.
Ulwazi oluhle kakhulu!