I-Crater yaseChicxulub

indawo ye-chicxulub crater

El i-chicxulub crater iyintaba-mlilo etholakala eduze kwedolobha lase-Chicxulub eNhlonhlweni yase-Yucatan e-Mexico. Inobubanzi obungu-180 km futhi yatholwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 ngu-Antonio Camargo noGlenn Penfield. Kusukela lapho, iye yacutshungulwa ososayensi abaningi abasebenzela inkampani kahulumeni kawoyela yaseMexico befuna amadiphozithi kawoyela. Iwumgodi wesithathu ngobukhulu ohlotsheni lwayo kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka kwe-Chicxulub crater.

historia

umthelela we-meteor

I-crater itholakala eduze kwedolobha lase-Chicxulub eNhlonhlweni yase-Yucatan yaseMexico, ku-19° 18' eningizimu nobude obungu-127° 46' obusempumalanga. Nge ububanzi obungamamitha angu-180 nokujula okungamamitha angaba ngu-900, iyintaba-mlilo yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ngokocwaningo, izimpawu zokuqala zale crater zisukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960s, kusho u-Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi, umcwaningi e-Institute of Geophysics of the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), owaqinisekisa lokho ngemuva kokuhlola indawo engaphansi kweGulf of Mexico. , eNhlonhlweni yase-Yucatan Okuthile okudidayo kwamandla adonsela phansi kutholwe kungqimba lwe-carbonate.

Ngokungafani nezakhiwo ezivamile ze-geological ezinemimo engajwayelekile, izithombe zivela njengamaphethini ayindilinga futhi agxile. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, ayizange itholwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1970 izazi ze-geophysicist u-Antonio Camargo noGlenn Penfield phakathi nocwaningo lukawoyela.

U-Penfield wahlola ulwazi oluqoqwe enyakatho yeYucatan futhi wathola i-arch engaphansi komhlaba elinganayo ngokumangalisayo eringini engu-70-kilometre-diameter. Izazi ze-Geophysicist zithole amamephu wesiginesha yamandla adonsela phansi e-peninsula enziwe ngeminyaka yawo-1960s.

I-Penfield yathola enye i-arch, nakuba lena yayisenhlonhlweni yaseYucatan futhi isiqongo sayo sibheke enyakatho. Eqhathanisa namamephu amabili, uthole ukuthi ama-arcs amabili (enye esebalazweni lama-1960 kanye naleli alitholile) lakha isiyingi esingamakhilomitha angu-180 ububanzi nesikhungo saso esiseduze kakhulu nedolobha laseChicxulub.

Isimo se-Chicxulub crater

Izici ze-Chicxulub Crater

Izazi ze-geophysicist cishe ziqinisekile ukuthi lesi sici esiyinqaba se-geophysical seNhlonhlo yaseYucatan sabangelwa inhlekelele ngesikhathi esithile emlandweni womhlaba wokwakheka komhlaba, okwabangelwa inhlekelele. ihlehlela emuva esikhathini seCretaceous sekwephuzile, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule. I-meteorite ilinganiselwa ukuthi icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 ububanzi, ngakho lapho ishayisana yakha i-crater enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-180, ikhipha amandla alinganiselwe angama-4,3 × 10²³ joules, okulingana cishe ne-191.793 gigatons ye-TNT (dynamite) ngesikhathi sokuthonya. .

Umthelela wabangela i-tsunami enkulu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi eyacekela phansi isiqhingi saseCuba. Uthuli nezinhlayiya ezikhishwayo kubangela izinguquko zemvelo ezimboza ngokuphelele umhlaba ngamafu othuli.

Lokhu kulandelana kuhambisana nenkoleloze yesazi sefiziksi saseMelika uLuis Walter Alvarez nendodana yakhe isazi sokuma komhlaba uWalter Alvarez mayelana nokushabalala kwama-dinosaurs, abakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ishaywe yi-meteorite yalolu hlobo. Lo mbono wamukelwa kabanzi umphakathi wesayensi.

Ubufakazi obuyinhloko ungqimba oluncane noluhlakazekile lwe-iridium kulo mngcele wokwakheka komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele. I-Iridium iyinsimbi engavamile emhlabeni, kodwa igcwele ama-meteorite. Lo mphumela kucatshangwa ukuthi uyingxenye noma konke ukushabalala phakathi kwenkathi yeCretaceous kanye neTertiary.

I-crater ibe yisihloko socwaningo lwe-geochemical, ukuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, i-electron microscopy kanye ne-stratigraphy, phakathi kokunye, okuholele emicabangweni eqinile, okuhlanganisa nokuthi iphrojekthi kufanele ibe cishe amakhilomitha angu-10 ububanzi futhi ingene enhlonhlweni ye-stratigraphic. Umhlaba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngomzuzwana.

Kumelwe ukuba kube ukungqubuzana kwesivinini esikhulu, ngoba yiyona ndlela kuphela yokuchaza okusele kwempahla, futhi kunobufakazi bokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela komthelela kubangele ukuncibilika.

Izici eziyinhloko

izimfihlakalo ze-crater

I-crater igcinwe kahle, inkimbinkimbi ukuthi ayiyona isitsha, kodwa enye ehlukile, engachazwa njengochungechunge lwamasongo agxilile, isifaniso esiphelele siwukucabanga njengokuphonsa itshe emanzini kanye nendandatho futhi i-convex emaphakathi, eyaziwa ku-geophysics njengokuphakama kwesakhiwo esimaphakathi.

Imbozwe ngamakhilomitha angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3 enzika, lnoma ukuthi ngokungangabazeki iyasiza ukuyivikela, nakuba ingaphansi kwamanzi, okuye kwaqinisekiswa izilinganiso zamandla adonsela phansi ezenziwe umkhumbi wokucwaninga uMaurice Ewing.

Ngemva kokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwe-crater, siyazi ukuthi inezingqimba ezine ezibonisa ukuqhubeka kwezenzakalo ezenzeka: ungqimba olungezansi ngaphambi kokushayisana luqukethe ama-microfossils ajwayelekile enkathi ye-Cretaceous; bese kulandela ungqimba lwempahla eyakhishwa ngesikhathi kushayisana; ngaphezu kwaso, ungqimba olwakhiwe izinsalela ze "fireball" futhi ekugcineni i-sediment ngemva kwenhlekelele.

Izinsalela ezisezingqimbeni zokuqala nezokugcina zihlukile, okubonisa ukuthi uhlobo lushintshile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwe-pyrosphere layer kanye nongqimba oluhambisanayo ku-Cenozoic, kunesikhala esingenayo izinsalela zamathambo, okuthiwa "ungqimba olwandle olungenalutho", okuwuphawu lwesikhathi sasolwandle. Ukubuyiselwa Kwempilo Nezinto Eziphilayo

Izimfihlakalo zeChicxulub Crater

Izimfihlakalo eziningi zeChicxulub Crater zisagqitshiwe. IMexico icele i-UNESCO ukuthi iwubone lo mgodi. Kuncane kakhulu okungabonwa izivakashi ngoba umthelela usukela kudala.

Izivakashi zivakashela enye yezindawo ezimbalwa ezisekhona, izindawo ezihlaba umxhwele lapho ungakwazi ukubhukuda khona phakathi kwezinhlanzi nezimpande zezihlahla ezilengayo, kodwa abaqapheli ukuthi lezi zici ze-geological zikhona kuphela ngoba zenziwe nge-limestone ethambile. U-Ocampo useke wavakashela le ndawo izikhathi ezimbalwa, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani. Yindawo eyingqayizivele emhlabeni wethu. Injalo ngempela futhi kufanele igcinwe njengeGugu Lomhlaba

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Chicxulub crater nezici zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.