Njalo ngonyaka kunezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30 lapho ukuvikelwa kwelanga kuba yisidingo esikhulu kunenketho. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba ufuna ukuchitha usuku olwandle noma uhamba ezintabeni, kunjalo, njalo uletha ukuvikelwa yilanga, ngoba uma kungenjalo ungagcina ushile.
Le sizini yaziwa njenge UCicanula, futhi isebenza phakathi kukaJulayi 15 no-Agasti 15. Kepha livelaphi leli gama? Futhi kungani kuyisikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka?
Umlando we-Canicula
Inkanyezi uSirius (ngakwesobunxele).
Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana edlule, ikakhulukazi ama-5.300 XNUMX, Isikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka senzeka kanye nokuphakama kwe-celiac kwe-constellation Canis Major, kanye nokuphakama kwenkanyezi uSirius. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi kulezi zinsuku akunjalo. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yesivumelwano se-axis yoMhlaba, uSirius ubonakala njengenkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, ngenkathi eshisa kakhulu iqala ngoJuni 21.
Igama livelaphi?
Leli gama livela ku-can o i-canis ngesiLatini kusho ukuthi 'inja'. Kubhekiswa enkanyezini yeCanis Major, ngoba inkanyezi uSirius (owaziwa nangokuthi "The Scorcher" wayegqame kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ngisho nesisho esithi "ngosuku lwenja olwedlule" singahlotshaniswa naleli gama.
Kungani isikhathi se-canicular sishisa kakhulu?
Singacabanga ukuthi isikhathi esishisa kakhulu sonyaka siqala ngoJuni 21 eNyakatho Nenkabazwe nangoDisemba 21 eSouthern Hemisphere, nge-solstice yasehlobo, kepha iqiniso ukuthi akunjalo. Kungani? Ngezici ezahlukahlukene: ukuthambekela nokujikeleza kweplanethi yomhlaba, imisebe yelanga nomphumela wezilwandle.
Iplanethi, njengoba sazi, ngaphezu kokuziphendulela, ibuye itshekise kancane. Ngokungena kwelanga ehlobo, imisebe yelanga ifinyelela kithi ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ulwandle luyaqhubeka nokufudumala; Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba usanda kuqala ukumunca ukushisa. Ngalesi sizathu, amasonto ambalwa ungaphila kahle ngaphandle, ngoba ulwandle luqabula umkhathi. Kepha lokhu akuhlali isikhathi eside. NgoJulayi 15 noma kunjalo, amanzi olwandle azobe efudumele ngokwanele ukuqalisa izinsuku ezingama-30 zokushisa okukhulu.
Ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu siyizwekazi, umphumela awubonakali kakhulu, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa aphezulu akhuphuka ngaphambili. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini, kuzwakala impela.
Ingabe igagasi lokushisa liyafana nelokushisa?
Njengoba kuyisizini eshisa kakhulu, singayibiza ngokuthi yi-wave wave ... kepha lokhu bekungeke kube kulungile ngokuphelele. Amandla okushisa abhekisele ezinsukwini ezingama-30 lapho ilanga lishuba kakhulu, kepha amagagasi okushisa yizimo zezulu ezibonakala ngokulandelayo:
- Amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu futhi aphezulu adlula izilinganiso ezirekhodwe endaweni zosuku okukhulunywa ngalo. Kuzoya ngendawo ukuthi ngabe izinga lokushisa libhekwa "njengejwayelekile" noma "elingejwayelekile". Isibonelo, emadolobheni afana neCórdoba inani lama-37ºC ngo-Agasti lithathwa njengelivamile, kepha eValladolid umuntu angakhuluma ngokushisa okushisayo.
- Isikhathi okungenani sezinsuku ezi-4. Amazinga okushisa kufanele aqhubeke ephakeme kunokujwayelekile izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngoba ngosuku olulodwa umzimba womuntu awuyiboni imiphumela yokushisa; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuyinto ehlala njalo, izindlu, i-asphalt, konke kushisa ngokweqile, kusenze ukuthi sishintshe inqubo yethu noma imikhuba yethu ize idlule.
- Amagagasi okushisa athinta izifundazwe eziningana, okungenani. Lapho kubhalwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu edolobheni elilodwa, akukho lapho kushiwo khona ukuthi ukushisa kwenzeke lapho, ngoba ukuze kube njalo bekufanele kuthinte namanye amadolobha namadolobha. Igagasi lika-2003 lalinzima ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi lalinalo, ngoba lathinta cishe lonke elaseYurophu. EDenia, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Agasti 2 babenama-47,8ºC.
- Ngeshwa, lezi zimo zingadala ukufa kwabantu intekenteke ngokwengeziwe, njengezingane noma asebekhulile. Isibonelo, ngokulandela igagasi lango-2003, bangu-14.802 abantu abashonile kulo lonke izwekazi, okwakumele abanye abangu-55%.
Ngakho-ke, iziqephu ze-wave wave ziyavela ngesikhathi esaziwa ngokuthi i-heatwave, kepha azenzeki minyaka yonke (lokhu kuya ngokuya kungavamile, ngenxa yokushisa komhlaba).
Ungabhekana kanjani nokushisa
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma edlula u-30ºC, azophoqa ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo ezithile ukuqhubeka nosuku lwethu usuku nosuku. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nalokhu ukuphuza amanzi amaningi (ubuncane 2l / usuku), udle ukudla okulula, okusha (njengamasaladi nezithelo ngokwesibonelo), futhi gcina kokubili umoya wasekhaya nowasemsebenzini unomoya.
Uke wezwa nge-heatwave?
«Singacabanga ukuthi isikhathi esishisayo sonyaka siqala ngoJuni 21 (…)«: sicabanga ngakho, singacabanga ukuthi usuku olushisa kakhulu nguJuni 21, njengoba kuwusuku olude kakhulu, futhi ukusuka lapho luya phansi amazinga okushisa kube yizinsuku ezimfushane kakhulu. Noma njengoba uchazile, lokhu akunjalo. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngoDisemba 21, okuthi yize kungukukhanya kwelanga okuncane (enyakatho Nenkabazwe), lapho kuqala ubusika futhi akuvamisile ukuthi kubande njengangoJanuwari, lapho izinsuku zinde.