Esinye sezibalo kanye nezazi zezinkanyezi ezishiye uphawu lwazo ekutholeni kwazo kwaba U-Aristarku waseSamo. Imayelana nososayensi owasungula i-hypothesis yezinguquko ngesikhathi sakhe. Futhi ukuthi, ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuyingozi ukuphikisana nalokho okushiwo. Kodwa-ke, le ndoda yathi iLanga hhayi uMhlaba, iyisikhungo esimisiwe se-Universe. Wabuye wathi uMhlaba kanye namanye amaplanethi kwajikeleza iLanga. Impela lokhu kwabangela isiyaluyalu kubantu abakholelwa ukuthi uMhlaba uyisikhungo sendawo yonke ngokusebenzisa umbono we-geocentric.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngemiphumela nemiphumela u-Aristarchus waseSamos ayenayo emlandweni wezibalo kanye nezinkanyezi.
Información siqu
U-Aristarco de Samos wayengumbhali womsebenzi wesayensi "Ngobukhulu nebanga leLanga neNyanga." Kule ncwadi wachaza futhi wakhombisa esinye sezibalo ezinembe kakhulu ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi sebanga elalikhona phakathi kweplanethi yethu neLanga. Kwenye yezitatimende zakhe wathi izinkanyezi zazinkulu kunalokho ezazibonakala. Lokho, yize babebonakala njengamaphoyinti esibhakabhakeni, babengamalanga amakhulu kunawethu. Usayizi wendawo yonke wawumkhulu kakhulu kunososayensi ngaleso sikhathi okwakushiwo.
Wazalwa ngo-310 BC ngakho-ke ungalucabanga ulwazi oluyisisekelo olwalukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, u-Aristarchus waseSamos wakwazi ukunaba kabanzi ngemibono eqinisekile ngesikhathi sakhe. Wafa ngonyaka ka-230 BC. C e-Alexandria, eGrisi. Ungowesilisa wokuqala owayengafunda ibanga ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu aye eLangeni ngendlela enembile. Wafunda futhi washo ukuthi yini ibanga eliphakathi koMhlaba neNyanga. Wakha umbono we-heliocentric, ethi iLanga laliyisikhungo se-Universe hhayi uMhlaba.
Ngenxa yeminikelo yalo sosayensi, ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, UNicolaus Copernicus ikwazile ukunaba ngendlela eningiliziwe indlela inkolelo ye-heliocentric. Ukuba ngumuntu owaphila kudala kakhulu, akukho lwazi oluningi ngempilo yakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wazalelwa eGrisi futhi wayeyisazi sezinkanyezi nesazi sezibalo. Impilo yakhe yonke wayichitha e-Alexandria. Yayinethonya elivela eGibhithe elenza ukuthi izibalo zamaGrikhi zikhule emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambili. Wabuye waba nesikhuthazo esivela eBhabhiloni sokuthi isayensi yezinkanyezi ikhule ngaphambili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvulwa kweMpumalanga no-Alexander the Great, kwasiza ukuba kube nokushintshana ngemibono eyanikela kakhulu emibonweni yangaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kungumongo lapho u-Aristarchus waseSamos ayekhulisa khona inkolelo-mbono yelanga.
Iminikelo eyinhloko ka-Aristarco de Samos
Okunye okunikelwe kakhulu wukuthi ukwazile ukuthola ukuthi amaplanethi yiwo ayezungeza iLanga, kuhlanganisa noMhlaba. Ukuze afinyelele kulokhu okutholakele, wasebenzisa umqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Wakwazi ukulinganisa ubukhulu benyanga noMhlaba futhi wabona ukuthi ziqhelelene kangakanani.
Ukwazile ukuthola ukuthi, yize izinkanyezi zibukeka zincane kakhulu kusuka esibhakabhakeni, zazifana nelanga elinosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, kodwa ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu. Zonke lezi zincazelo zasebenza njengefa leTheory Heliocentric esetshenziswa nguNicolás Copernicus.
Ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona imibono eminingi ngomkhathi. Cabanga ukube bekukhona izinganekwane, izindaba, nezinkolelo ezingamanga. Eziningi zalezi zinkolelo-mbono zazinamaphupho amaningi oNkulunkulu, izindaba, njll. Umbono we-heliocentric weza ukuguqula konke esasinakho ngaleso sikhathi. Kwakususelwa kulezi zimiso ezilandelayo:
- Zonke izidalwa zasezulwini aziphenduki ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Isikhungo Somhlaba siyisikhungo somkhakha wenyanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzila wenyanga uzungeze iplanethi yethu.
- Yonke imikhakha endaweni yonke (eyaziwa ngokuthi amaplanethi) ijikeleza iLanga kanti iLanga liyinkanyezi engaguquki enkabeni yendawo yonke.
- Ibanga phakathi koMhlaba neLanga liyingxenyana nje engabalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nebanga eliphakathi kwezinye izinkanyezi.
- Umhlaba awuyilutho nje oluyizungeza oluzungeza iLanga futhi olunokunyakaza okungaphezu kokukodwa.
- Izinkanyezi zilungisiwe futhi azikwazi ukuhanjiswa. Ukuzungezisa uMhlaba yikho okwenza kubonakale sengathi ziyahamba.
- Ukunyakaza komjikelezo woMhlaba uzungeze iLanga kwenza ukuthi amanye amaplanethi abonakale ehlehla.
Ukubaluleka
Kuwo wonke amaphuzu asunguliwe omqondo osenkabeni yelanga, imininingwane ethile ingaqoqwa ukuze kutholakale umsebenzi othuthuke kakhulu futhi onemininingwane ngonyaka we-1532. Ngalo nyaka yabizwa "Ekuvukeleni kwemikhakha yasezulwini." Kulomsebenzi izimpikiswano eziyisi-7 eziyinhloko zombono zahlanganiswa futhi ngendlela eningiliziwe ngezibalo ezibonisa impikiswano ngayinye.
U-Aristarco de Samos uneminye imisebenzi eyaziwa ngokuthi “Ngobukhulu nobude belanga nenyanga” kanye nenye “Izinguquko zemikhakha yasezulwini”. Yize engeyena umuntu onemishwana eyehlayo emlandweni, unaye owaziwa ezincwadini zakudala futhi asho okulandelayo: "Ukuba khona, ukuba khona akusikho."
Ukubaluleka kwale ndoda kuxhomeke ekutheni wayengowokuqala ukusungula inkolelo-mbono yelanga, into eyayithuthuke kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wabona ukuthi uMhlaba wenze inguquko ephelele ezungeze iLanga nokuthi yathatha unyaka owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikwazile ukuthola iplanethi yethu phakathi kweVenus neMars. Uthe izinkanyezi zicishe zingaqedi ukusuka eLangeni nokuthi zilungisiwe.
Kukho konke lokhu okutholakele kwakukhona ukuzuza ifa lomqondo wokuthi uMhlaba wawungeyona inkaba yendawo yonke, kodwa ukuthi kwakuyiLanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasiza nokwazi ukuthi uMhlaba awuzange ujikeleze kuphela iLanga kodwa uqobo lwalo ekseni lalo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Aristarco de Samos.