Uma ku-geology sikhuluma ngesakhiwo nokwakheka koqweqwe lomhlaba, akunakugwenywa ukukhuluma ngamafolda. Amafolda yizakhiwo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta zonke izinto zokwakheka komhlaba. Okudume kakhulu yilezi i-anticline ne-syncline. Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela le ndatshana yonke ukuthi ikhulume ngezakhiwo nokubaluleka kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafolda nezici zawo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-anticline ne-syncline fold, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Yini amafolda
Amafolda awasho lutho ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezinto zokwakheka komhlaba. Kubalulekile ukwengeza ukuthi le micimbi yempahla ayikhiqizi ukuphuka. Lezi zakhiwo zokwakheka komhlaba zakhiwa nge-deformation epulasitiki eyakhiwa ngayo ingcindezi yezingcindezi ezithile ze-tectonic, kokubili ukucindezela nokwanda.
Uma sikhumbula konke okuphathelene Amapuleti eTectonic siyabona ukuthi uqweqwe lomhlaba lwakhiwe ngamapuleti e-tectonic ahlukile futhi awalungiswa. Kukhona izingcingo imibukiso ye-convection kwengubo eyenza amapuleti aqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo futhi lesi yisizathu esenza amazwekazi aqhubeke nokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, amafolda akhiwa ngenxa yobukhona bezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinepulasitiki noma isimilo esikhubazekayo njengamadwala asezintabeni.
Izingxenye zesibaya
Isibaya ngasinye sinezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezibalulekile zokuzihlaziya. Izinhlangothi ziyizindiza eziseceleni ezakha isibaya. 2 izinhlangothi ziyadingeka ukwakha isibaya. Le ngxenye ingahunyushwa njengoba ulandela indawo lapho izinto ziklanywe khona.
Enye ingxenye yesibaya yi-eksisi noma ihenjisi futhi kungumugqa ohambelana nokugoba okukhulu kwesibaya futhi kwakhiwa umgwaqo ophakathi izinhlangothi kanye nezendlalelo ezahlukahlukene noma ubuso be-stratification. Indiza ye-axial ingenye ingxenye yesibaya futhi yakhiwa ukuhlangana phakathi kwemigqa yezimbazo zongqimba ngalunye lwesibaya. Ngokuya ngendiza ye-axial yesibaya ngasinye, izoba nama-engeli ahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamafolda
Manje sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafolda ngokusho kwawo nokwakheka kwawo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlukanisa amafolda futhi okuvame kakhulu yilezo ezihlobene nendlela izinto eziyinhloko eziqondiswe ngayo. Indiza ye-axial, i-eksisi ne-engela phakathi kwezinhlangothi yilokho okwenza umehluko phakathi kohlobo oluthile lwesibaya nolunye.
Ukwahlukaniswa kokuqala esinakho kuya ngokuma kwayo. Lesi sigaba sehlukaniswe nge: i-anticline ne-synclinal fold. Kukhona nesibaya esilinganayo. Ukwahlukaniswa kwesibili kusekelwe ekucwilisweni kwendiza ye-axial: lapha sinomhlambi othambekele, ohlanekezelwe nonamanga. Ngokuya nge-eksisi yesibaya sinezinto eziyindilinga nezindilinga.
Okunye ukuhlukaniswa okungasetshenziswanga kabanzi kakhulu yilokho okusebenzisa i-engeli phakathi kwezitho. Lapha sinamafolda alandelayo:
- I-engeli ebuthakathaka, i-engeli yangaphakathi inkulu kune-120 °
- Vula isibaya, i-engela ye-interlimbal 70 ° kuye ku-120 °
- Kuvaliwe ukugoqa, i-30 ° kuya ku-70 ° i-engeli yokuhlangana
- Ukugoba okuncane, i-10 ° kuya ku-30 ° i-engela yangaphakathi
- Isoclinal fold, i-interlimbal angle = 0 °
I-Anticline ne-syncline
I-anticline fold ibonakala ngokuba nesimo se-convex phezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto zokwakha ezincane ezakha isibaya ziphezulu, kuyilapho ezindala zakha umongo. Kunezikhathi lapho singazi iminyaka yobudala bezinto zokwakha futhi kulezi zimo kungcono ukuqamba lesi sakhiwo ngokuthi i-antifomu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefolda yokuvumelanisa. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuthi i-concave ibheke phezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinto ezisencane kunazo zonke zisemgodini, kuyilapho ezindala zakha ezansi. Ngendlela efanayo ne-anticline fold, uma singazi ukuthi izinto zokwakha zindala kangakanani, kungcono ukuqamba lesi sakhiwo ngokuthi engenasimo.
Lapho sihlukanisa uhlobo lwesibaya ngokwediphu yendiza ye-axial kufanele sicabangele uhlobo lwe-engeli esinayo. Kulezi zimo sithola amafolda alinganayo, athambekele, aguquliwe futhi aqamba amanga. Yonke le minyango inebanga lobubanzi obungu-0 degrees kuye ku-90 degrees.
Amafolda wokulinganisa yilawo lapho i-engeli eyakhiwe yindiza ye-axial ilingana nhlangothi zombili. Kulokhu, i-engeli eyenzayo ngendiza ye-axial ime mpo. Olunye uhlobo lwesibaya luthambekele ngendlela yokuthi olunye lwezinhlangothi lube ne-engeli enkulu yokucwilisa maqondana nolunye.
I-morphology ye-anticline ne-synclinal fold
Sizoqala ukuchaza i-anticline fold. Inesikhungo sayo esine-eksisi yokulinganisa. Izinhlangothi zombili ze-anticline zibonisa imikhombandlela eyahlukene yokutsheka. Imicu ihlala incike ezinhlangothini. Ukusuka maphakathi kuya ezinhlangothini imanthono ikhula kancane kancane. I-manteo, noma kunjalo, enkabeni incane noma ingu-zero.
Siyaqhubeka nokuchaza ukugoqa kokuvumelanisa. Isikhungo siyi-eksisi yokulinganisa. Izinhlangothi zombili ze-syncline zikhombisa izinkomba ezihlukile zokutsheka. Izendlalelo zangaphakathi kwayo zihlala zincike kwi-nucleus. I-manteo, kuleli cala, nayo ayiziro. Umugqa omncane uvela maphakathi nendawo kanti amadala asele asuka ezinhlangothini.
Ukuze ukwazi ukubona le migoqo kumamephu we-geological kulula njengokukhomba ukuphindaphindwa okulinganayo kwezinto ngokuphathelene ne-axis emaphakathi. Lokhu kungukuhlangana kwendiza ye-axial enobuso bendawo. Kulokhu kuphindaphindwa kwezinto okulinganayo akumele sikucabangele ukuphuma kwezinto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuklwebheka nobukhulu bendawo yezinto Kuya ngezinga lokudilika izinto zokwakha ezinakho kanye nobuso esikuso.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, yonke inkinga yamafolda yinto eyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ngiyethemba ngisizile ukukhomba amafolda we-anticline kanye ne-syncline emephini ye-geologic.