Homo sapiens

ukuthuthukiswa kwe-homo sapiens

Homo sapiens ingenye yezinhlobo ze-genus Homo. Nakuba kunamagama ahlukene asetshenziswa kakhulu noma kancane, abantu besimanje ngokuvamile babhekwa njengabangena kulesi sigaba. Abanye ochwepheshe bahlukanisa i-Homo sapiens yasendulo, i-Homo sapiens, ne-Homo sapiens. Nakuba owokuqala wabo, oqondwa njengokhokho oseduze kakhulu kubantu, wamukelwa kabanzi njengegama lesayensi, abanye abantu abahlukanisi phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ezilandelayo.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-Homo sapiens, izici zayo, umsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Umsuka we-Homo sapiens

homo sapiens

Le ndoda yakudala yavela e-Afrika phakathi ne-Paleolithic. Yasuka kulelo zwekazi yaya eYurophu, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia, kwaze kwaba yilapho isiba yizilwane ezihamba phambili uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukulandelana kwezikhathi kuye kwashintsha kakhulu, ngoba ezinye izinsalela ezindala kunokulindelekile ziye zatholwa.

I-Homo sapiens inesakhiwo samathambo nobuchopho esifanayo njengabantu besimanje. Esinye sezici zayo ezivelele ukuthi inobuhlakani obukhulu kanye nekhono lokudala amathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi. Indlela eya ku-Neolithic yamthatha ukuba azinikele kwezolimo futhi akhe umphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Homo sapiens iwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezisekhona zohlobo lwayo. Abanye abantu abaningi abavela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando bagcina bengasekho. Kungashiwo ukuthi iHomo sapiens isiphetho senqubo ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaHomo sapiens nezinye izinhlanga awuwona kangako ongokwenyama kodwa ngokomoya. Ukukhula kobuchopho namandla okuzibamba kanye nokuzazi kwehlukanisa abantu kokhokho babo.

I-hypothesis eyamukelwa kabanzi yileyo AmaHomo sapiens avele eMiddle Paleolithic Africa. Ukufika kwalo muntu wakudala akwenzekanga ngendlela eqondile, kodwa eminyakeni engu-600.000 XNUMX edlule, okhokho bakhe bahlukana, okwabangela ukuzalwa kwamaNeanderthal ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye namaHomo sapiens ngakolunye.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuba nezinsalela ze-Homo sapiens ezindaweni ezihlukene kusho ukuthi ubudala bezinhlobo zezilwane kufanele kucatshangelwe kabusha. Lapho kutholakala izinsalela zikaJebel Irhoud eMorocco, ukuthandana kwabo kwamangaza ososayensi.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ukuvela komuntu

Isifanekiso esidala kakhulu se-Homo sapiens esitholwe sigcine izici ezithile ezifana nezandulelayo. Okokuqala ukuma kwezinyawo okukhonjiswe nguHomo erectus.

Mayelana nogebhezi lwekhanda, seluye lwaba nenguquko, ikakhulukazi mayelana nomthamo we-cranial. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bomhlathi kanye nesisindo semisipha kuyancishiswa. Ekugcineni, ingxenye ephumile yesokhethi yanyamalala ngokuphelele.

Mayelana nesakhiwo somzimba jikelele, ukuphakama okumaphakathi kwenqwaba yokuqala ye-Homo sapiens Kwakungamamitha angu-1,60 (owesifazane) kanye namamitha angu-1,70 (owesilisa). Kuye ngocansi, isisindo sisukela ku-60 kuya ku-70 kg. Ngokocwaningo, i-Homo sapiens yokuqala yayinesikhumba esimnyama. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ijwayele isimo sezulu esishisayo se-savanna yase-Afrika. Isikhumba esimnyama singavikela okwengeziwe emiphumeleni yemisebe ye-UV.

Lapho abantu bokuqala bethuthela kwezinye izindawo, ukuhlukana kombala wesikhumba kwenzeka kamuva. Ngokufanayo, ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yokuhlala entsha kuholela ekuguqulweni kofuzo okwandisa amathuba okusinda.

Kumelwe ukuba kwenzeke okufanayo ezinweleni ezisekhanda. Uboya obusele bomzimba obushiywe ngamanye amadlozi bulokhu bushabalala kancane kancane. Ama-Homo sapiens anebunzi elibanzi kunabantu bakudala ngaphambili. Isizathu sibonakala siwukwenyuka kwevolumu ye-cranial.

Ngokuvamile, lonke ugebhezi luguqulwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngaphezu kobukhulu, umhlathi uyafinyela futhi amazinyo abe mancane. Lokhu kubangela ukugqama kwesilevu esiyindilinga esincane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amehlo agxila kakhulu ebusweni futhi amashiya alahlekelwa ukushuba kwawo kanye nevolumu. Kunamathambo azungeze izisekelo zamehlo futhi ukubona sekuthuthukisiwe.

I-Homo sapiens inezinyawo eziyisicaba nezinzwani ezinhlanu. Lezi zilahlekelwe amandla okusetshenziselwa ukugibela futhi, njengesandla, isithupha siphambene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinzipho ziyisicaba, hhayi izinzipho. Ekugcineni, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamalunga ehlombe nendololwane kwagqanyiswa.

Ikhono lokuhamba ngemilenze yomibili, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuncika ezandleni, lanikeza i-Homo sapiens inzuzo enkulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungakwazi ukubamba izinto ngezandla zakho mahhala noma uzivikele. Isimiso sokugaya ukudla siyashintsha ukuze sivumelane nezinguquko ekudleni. Okuyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa komlilo ukupheka ukudla, sekuqalile ukusetshenziselwa iHomo erectus.

Ukudla kwe-Homo sapiens

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphethe ngokuthi ukudla kwe-Homo sapiens kuhluke kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini. Ngokufanayo, isayensi inqume ukuthi ukubheka indawo ezungezile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukudla kwakho kunokubheka isimo somzimba womuntu.

Kuze kube muva nje, lonke ucwaningo lokudla lugxile kusayizi nokuma kwamazinyo, kanye nezinsalela zezilwane kanye namathuluzi atholakele. Ngalo mqondo, uhlobo olusha lokuhlaziya olusekelwe ekugugelweni kwamazinyo seluthuthukisiwe, kanti olunye lusebenzisa ama-isotopes anganikeza ulwazi olusuka ezinsalela zoqweqwe lwamazinyo. Lawa ma-isotopes anganikeza idatha ngemifino namantongomane adliwa yilaba bantu bakudala.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwePaleolithic, ukuzingela kuye kwaba omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yemiphakathi yakuqala yabantu. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amadlozi akhona, ikakhulukazi ama-scavengers, ukuzingela kunikeza izingcezu ezinkulu nezingcono.

Umnikelo wamaprotheni emvelaphi yezilwane ubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bomuntu. Ama-Homo sapiens kufanele azivumelanise nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi kufanele athole inyamazane entsha ezindaweni ezihlukene ehlala kuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, amaqembu amaningi ancike ekubanjweni kwezinyamazane njengesisekelo sokusinda, kuyilapho eRussia kufanele abhekane nama-mammoth amakhulu.

Kwezinye izindawo ezinogu nemifula, abantu bakudala bathola ngokushesha izinzuzo zezinhlanzi, ngakho basungula izindlela zokudoba. Benza okufanayo ngama-mollusk, futhi igobolondo le-mollusk lalisetshenziswa njengethuluzi.

Enye yezinkinga amaHomo sapien okuqala ahlangabezana nayo kwakuwukuthi amahlathi awo aqala ukuncipha ngenxa yemvula encane. Inani lamakhophi linyukile futhi izinsiza azanele ukusekela wonke amakhophi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenze ukuthi bathuthele kwezinye izifunda.

Ugebhezi lwekhanda nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukhakhayi lomuntu

Ososayensi basebenzisa ivolumu yogebhezi ukukala ivolumu yangaphakathi yogebhezi. Ikalwa ngama-cubic centimeters futhi isiphinde yaba inkomba yobuhlakani besilwane ngasinye.

I-Homo sapiens iqhubekile nokwanda kwevolumu ye-cranial ukuthi abanye bokhokho babo baqala. Ngokuqondile, ubukhulu yafinyelela kuma-cubic centimeter angu-1.600 XNUMX, afana nalawo abantu banamuhla.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, i-Homo sapiens inezinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani nokucabanga kunezinhlobo ezindala. Ngakho-ke, wasuka ekucabangeni okuyinkimbinkimbi waya olimini, ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa inkumbulo nekhono lakhe lokufunda. Ekugcineni, ubuchopho bakho bukunikeza amathuluzi ayisisekelo ukuze uzivumelanise futhi uphile kuzo zonke izindawo.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Homo sapiens nezici zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.