Ukwenziwa kwe-geeoengineering

Siyazi ukuthi enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nabantu kuleli khulu leminyaka ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile emhlabeni wonke kubangela izinguquko esimweni sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Imiphumela yesimo ingaba yinhlekelele futhi kufanele igwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko. Ngenxa yalokhu, idale i- i-geoengineering. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini i-geoengineering noma ukuthi izama ukwenzani.

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi i-geoengineering iyini, yiziphi izici zayo, izinhloso nokunye okuningi.

Yini i-geoengineering

I-Geoengineering ibhekisela ku isethi yobuchwepheshe eklanyelwe ukungenelela kwesimo sezulu emzamweni "wokulungisa" ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lesi sifundo sifisa ukuba ubuchwepheshe esikalini seplanethi.

Isayensi njengamanje ibhekene nezinselele ezimbili: ukumunca isikhutha esisemoyeni ukuze umkhathi ubambe ukushisa okuncane, nokubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe ukuze uMhlaba ubambe ukushisa okuncane.

Lesi siyalo esithuthukayo sesivele siholele abacwaningi abathile ukuthi baphenye, ngokusebenzisa ukulingisa kwekhompuyutha noma ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kwezinga elincane, iminikelo ezolethwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-geoengineering, kanye nezingozi ezingase zilethwe.

Kulo msebenzi imikhakha yolwazi lobunjiniyela, igeography kanye nesayensi yamakhompiyutha ihlangene, kanjalo Kuyisayensi okuhlale kudingidwa kuyo mayelana nobubanzi bokungenelela kwayo.

Izici eziyinhloko

Okunye okubheja okuyingozi kakhulu lapho kubhekene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu i-geoengineering, umqondo ohlanganisa iziphakamiso zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene zokusebenzisa isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke ukubhekana nezinye zezimpawu zesiphithiphithi sezulu. Inobungozi bemvelo, bezenhlalo kanye nezepolitiki, kepha ubungozi obukhulu kakhulu ukuthi iba izaba zokungenzi lutho kwesimo sezulu: isetshenziswa njengezaba zokuqhubeka kanye nokwanda kokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa (GHG), futhi uthembisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzoba nobuchwepheshe bokubuqeda noma ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa.

Kuyisithembiso esingenalutho, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yale mibono ingeyezinkolelo nje, futhi embalwa ethuthukiswe kancane ngokwenza izibonelo, noma ayisebenzi ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngeke neze zithuthukiswe ngezinga lezentengiselwano noma ngezinga elikhulu lomhlaba wonke ukuze zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekufudumaleni.

Kodwa-ke, iziphakamiso ze-geoengineering zikhanga kakhulu ezimbonini ezingcolisayo ezinomthelela ekukhishweni okuphezulu kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, njengamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izimayini, ezokuthutha, izimoto, ibhizinisi lezolimo, njll., kanye namazwe abamba iqhaza ezinkampanini ezinkulu eziphethe lezi zimboni. Kubukeka sengathi "ukulungisa" okucatshangelwayo kobuchwepheshe okungavumela imisebenzi yokungcolisa ukuthi iqhubeke ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivula izinsiza ezintsha namathuba okuhweba, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhipha.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ziyindlela yokwakha imakethe enkulu yomhlaba wonke yabathunjwa: izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ziyaqhubeka, ngakho inkinga yesimo sezulu iyaqhubeka ishuba, ngakho-ke ukuthengisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izimpawu, uma busebenza, kuvula umhlaba lapho, uma usuqalile, awukwazi ukubanjwa, ikakhulukazi ukhokhelwe yizifunda. Ukucindezela komqondo odukisayo othi “ziro” wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo kunokuba kuncishiswe futhi kuyinkundla ye-geoengineering “njengokulungisa” kobuchwepheshe.

Iziphakamiso ze-Geoengineering

Amasu e-Geoengineering ngokuvamile awela ezigabeni ezintathu ezibanzi: lawo ahloselwe ukususwa kwe-carbon dioxide; labo abazama ukukhombisa ingxenye yemisebe yelanga emkhathini ukunciphisa amazinga okushisa kanye nalawo okuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu sendawo, ukubangela noma ukugwema imvula, isichotho, njll.

Njengamanje kuneziphakamiso ezingaba ngu-25-30 ze-geoengineering kulezi zigaba ezintathu., ehlongoza ukukhohlisa umhlaba, olwandle kanye/noma ama-ecosystem. Kodwa-ke, akekho kubo ozama ukulungisa noma ukulungisa izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kodwa kunalokho ukulawula ezinye zezimpawu zakho.

Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuhlongozwayo kukhona obuthile phakamisa ukujova ama-sulfate noma amanye amakhemikhali ku-stratosphere ukuze uvimbele ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa imisebe efinyelela eMhlabeni; enze mhlophe noma akhanyise amafu olwandle ukuze abuyisele ukukhanya kwelanga emkhathini; ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zokuthatha i-carbon dioxide emkhathini nokuyigqiba emithonjeni kawoyela noma okunye ukwakheka komhlaba emhlabeni nasezilwandle; ukuvundisa ulwandle nge-iron noma i-urea ukuze kushukumise ukukhula ngokushesha kwe-plankton ngethemba lokuthi izomunca isikhutha esiningi futhi isiguqule ukuba izike phansi olwandle; ukushintsha amakhemikhali olwandle ngamatshe agxotshiwe ukuze abe ne-alkaline eyengeziwe; nokutshala izihlahla ezinkulu noma izitshalo ezishintshwe izakhi okuthiwa zimunca ikhabhoni eningi noma zibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe.

Ingabe ingasiza ngempela ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?

Iziphakamiso ezivame kakhulu yilezo ezibandakanya ukususwa kwekhabhoni nokugcinwa kwayo. I-Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS noma i-CCS), inqubo yemboni kawoyela yasendulo eyayisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezijulile ze-hydrocarbon, ngokuxakayo ikhipha uwoyela owengeziwe, okuholela ekukhishweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Iziphakamiso ezisekelwe kulobu buchwepheshe, njenge-bioenergy ne-carbon capture and storage (BECAC noma i-BECCS), ihilela ukutshala amasimu amakhulu ezihlahla noma izitshalo bese ukusika/ukushiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe "i-bioenergy", ehlanganiswa ne-CCS ukuze ibambe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. kusukela ekukhiqizeni. Ngokufanayo, ukuthwebula komoya okuqondile (okufushanisiwe kwe-DAC noma i-DAC) kusebenzisa, isibonelo, amayunithi amakhulu efeni ukuhlunga umoya nokuhlukanisa i-CO2 nezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali, bese ama-CCC egqiba ikhabhoni noma ayisebenzise kabusha emikhiqizweni ehlukene, ukuze kuthathe isikhathi eside Ngokushesha noma kamuva i-CO2 izobuyela emkhathini, ngakho akufanele ibizwe ngokuthi "isitoreji." Imboni kaphethiloli unentshisekelo enkulu kubo bonke lobu buchwepheshe futhi wenza ingxenye enkulu yokutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zinhlelo.

Muva nje, abasekeli be-geoengineering bazamile ukuziqhelelanisa negama elithi "geoengineering," ngokuphakamisa ubuchwepheshe bubodwa noma ngokusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha isikhutha buhluke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe be-solar geoengineering kangangokuthi kufanele bucatshangelwe ngokwehlukana. Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe buhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, konke abafana ngakho ukuthi bonke bahlongoza ukudunyazwa kwesimo sezulu ngezinga elikhulu lobuchwepheshe.

zisho amagama ngabanye kuyindlela yokugwema ukucatshangelwa komthelela wayo omkhulu esifundeni noma emhlabeni jikelele, ukugwema ukuhlaziya okudingekile kwemiphumela ye-synergistic evela ekusetshenzisweni kanyekanye kobunye balobu buchwepheshe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukugwema ukujwayela komphakathi kanye nomphakathi, zisuka nje uqaphela ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe obunobungozi obukhulu.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-geoengineering nezici zayo.