abies pinsapo
Kokubili izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo kusongelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kungaba ngokwanda nokubukeka kwezilwane ezintsha ezidla ezinye, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukungcola kwamanzi nenhlabathi noma ngokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithinteka kakhulu yimiphumela esivele ibonakalayo yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu esiyitholayo uvemvane lwe-apollo, i-alpine lagópogo ne-pinsapo. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisohlwini lwezinhlobo ezisongelwa kakhulu eSpain ngokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
UGemma Rodríguez ungumxhumanisi we i-Natura 2000 Network yeWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), futhi uthe lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Umbiko we Iplanethi Ephilayo, okwenziwa yi-WWF, lapho kukhonjiswa khona imiphumela emibi inguquko yesimo sezulu ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni eziqhelelene kakhulu noma ezivinjelwe kakhulu. Ukuze ibhalansi yemvelo ye-ecosystem ihlale izinzile, kungcono ukuthi kube khona isibalo esikhulu sezinhlobo ezihlala ndawonye ukuze ubudlelwano phakathi kwazo kanye nokuncika kungabangeli ukuwa kohlobo kube ngochungechunge lokuqothulwa.
Kungakho izilwane nezitshalo ezihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphansi abasengozini kakhulu ngaphambi kwemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ngoba isikhathi sayo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha side. Izinhlobo ezinamandla amancane okusabalalisa nazo zisengozini kakhulu.
Kulezi zinhlobo, ushintsho emvelweni lungadala ushintsho ku- i-phenology, okungukuthi, emijikelezweni yokuphila. Isibonelo, ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinhlanzi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungadala ushintsho kumandla okuzala. Ezinye izinyoni zingashintsha ingoma yazo noma ngisho nezindlela zazo zokufuduka.
Ptarmigan
Umbiko weLiving Planet oshiwo ngenhla ukhomba ukuthi iSpain ingelinye lamazwe asengozini enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Le miphumela ingadala uhhafu wezinhlobo zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni ukuba sengozini yokuncishiselwa izindawo zazo zokuhlala ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi izilwane nezitshalo sezivele ziqonde ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho zikhululeke kahle ngokwasemoyeni.
Uma izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ziqala ukufudukela enyakatho zifuna amazinga okushisa amnandi hhayi afudumele kangako, kuzoqala ukwenzeka ubumpofu bezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungadala ukungabi bikho kokuxhumana phakathi kwemvelo nokuqhekeka okuzobenza babe sengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Isibonelo, kuhlu oluhlanganiswe yi-WWF ye- izinhlobo eziyishumi ezisongelwa kakhulu eSpain ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, uvemvane i-apollo luyisibalo sokuqala. Levemvane ihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba futhi, ngamazinga okushisa anyukayo, izophoqeleka ukuthi ifune izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.
Uvemvane i-Apollo
Esinye isibonelo sezinhlobo ezithinteka kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu yi-alpine lagópod noma esaziwa kakhulu nge-ptarmigan. Lezi zinhlobo zijwayele ukubanda kakhulu. Lesi simo sezulu sitholakala kuphela eSpain ngamamitha ayi-1.800 wokuphakama ePyrenees. Isebenzisa uboya obumhlophe ukuzifihla phakathi kweqhwa futhi ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa bekuzophoqeleka ukuthi inyuse ukuphakama kobubanzi bayo. Lokhu kungaholela ebunzimeni bokuthola ukudla nendawo yokukhosela, ngoba ezindaweni eziphakeme kanjalo izinsiza ziyindlala futhi nezimo zingezinhle kakhulu.
Emhlabeni wezitshalo, olunye lwezinhlobo ezizwela kakhulu yi-fir yaseSpain, ehlala ezindaweni ezinemvula ephezulu yonyaka iSerranía de Ronda. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubanga ukoma okuqhubeka njalo nokude. Yingakho lezi zihlahla ziba buthakathaka futhi zisengozini enkulu yokuvela kwezifo nezinambuzane. Ochwepheshe bezitshalo baxwayisa ukuthi ngasekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka Ngeke kusaba khona noma yimaphi amahlathi ama-fir.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezisongelwayo ezifana ne-salmon yase-Atlantic, i-Betic midwife toad, i-oceanic posidonia, i-shrike encane, i-newts yaseMontseny noma isibankwa se-Iron.