Wake wezwa kusukela emaphashini eplanethi, ebhekisa e-Amazon noma kwezinye izindawo eziluhlaza zeplanethi. Lezi zindawo zibizwa ngamaphaphu, kubhekiswa emandleni okumunca i-CO2 yomhlaba ngakho-ke kufaka isandla endaweni ehlanzekile nenempilo yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Elinye lamaphaphu ale planethi likhona isifunda sase-Atlantic esizungeze iTropic of Cancer. Leli phaphu liyindawo yolwandle ekhulula iplanethi engxenyeni enkulu yokukhishwa kwe-CO2 okubangelwa abantu. Ngabe iyeke ukusebenza entwasahlobo ka-2010?
Iphaphu lase-Atlantic
Izilwandle zingafinyelela simunca inani elikhulu le-CO2 esilikhiphayo emisebenzini yethu yezimboni futhi siyisuse kumjikelezo, siyifaka kokomile. Kukhona ukulinganisela kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke lapho, lapho kunekhabhoni eningi emkhathini, kuvame ukuncibilika emanzini olwandle. Yini inkinga ngale nto? Lapho i-CO2 eningi kakhulu ifakwa olwandle, ziyancibilika futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zinemithelela emibi eminingi kuzimila zasolwandle nezilwane. Icala elaziwa kakhulu nge-bleaching of coral reefs.
Yebo, izifundo ezenziwa ukumuncwa kwe-CO2 yizilwandle zilinganisela ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuncela phakathi Ama-40 no-50% wayo yonke i-carbon dioxide ekhishwe yimisebenzi yabantu kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni. Le njini esiza ukususa iplanethi ye-CO2 engaka futhi inebhalansi entekenteke encike, ubukhulu becala, emazingeni okushisa omhlaba.
Kunezifundo ezixwayisa ukuthi sekuphele isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ukuthi lamaphaphu asolwandle asikhulula kula magesi abamba ukushisa futhi anciphise nemiphumela emibi nemiphumela yesimo sezulu abelokhu ephelelwa ngamandla. Umagazini Imibiko yeSayensi, yeqembu le-Nature, elashicilelwa ngoJanuwari 30, 2017, ucwaningo oluxwayisa ngezinga lapho ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa okubangelwa yizinto zemvelo kanye nomuntu, kungadala ukuthi ulwandle lusuke ekuhlanzeni umkhathi luyolilayisha namanje amagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa.
Kwenzekani entwasahlobo ka-2010?
Ngenxa yokwanda kokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini, amazinga okushisa omhlaba awayeki ukwanda unyaka nonyaka. Lesi sifunda sase-Atlantic esaziwa njengephaphu lasolwandle sidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: i-equatorial current yamanje naleyo yeCanary Islands pass, izakhi ezimbili ze-oceanic gyre elawula isimo sezulu kuleyo ndawo.
Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo ka-2010 leli phaphu liyekile ukusebenza ngenxa yokwenyuka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa ngenxa yemiphumela eshiywe yisimo esikhulu I-El Niño ngokungasebenzi phakathi nentwasahlobo ka-2009, yeka ukumunca cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2010 we-CO420, okungukuthi, Amaphesenti angama-30 okuphelele kokukhishwa kwegesi lokushisa.
Ngentwasahlobo ka-2010, imiphumela ye-El Niño neMulti-Decade Atlantic Oscillation yabangela ukushisa kwendawo yolwandle kuleyo ndawo iphakama ngama-degree angu-3,4 ngaphezu kokujwayelekile nokuthi ijubane lemimoya lishintshile, okuphazamise izindlela ezimbili ezilawula ukumuncwa kwe-CO2.
Njengomphumela walesi simanga, inqubo yamaphaphu olwandle yawa okwesikhashana, okwenza ukuthi ingakwazi ukuncela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-29 e-CO2 phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMeyi. Kumele futhi kushiwo ukuthi entwasahlobo ka-2010 Amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,6 amagesi abamba ukushisa akhishelwe emkhathini.
Izifunda lapho kube nezinguquko ezinkulu
Izinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu zagxilwa esifundeni samanje esenyakatho yenkabazwe. Kuleyo ndawo ulwandle lwaphumela emkhathini ngalezo zinyanga cishe amathani ayi-1,2 wezigidi ze-CO2, lapho into ejwayelekile ukuthi imunca izigidi ezingama-22,4.
Umkhuba wokwanda kwamazinga okushisa embulungeni yonke ufudumeza amanzi angaphezulu olwandle. Lokhu kubangela ukwanda kwamandla nokuvama kwemicimbi yezulu eyeqile. Lokhu kungasongela ikhono laleli phaphu ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-CO2 nokuyifunxa.