Ilanga laseShayina lokwenziwa

china ilanga yokufakelwa

Siyazi ukuthi ilukuluku lomuntu lokulawula yonke into liye laholela ekutholakaleni kwentuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nomuntu kuleli khulu leminyaka inkinga yamandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izici ezidingekayo kufanele zithuthukiswe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi. I china ilanga yokufakelwa sekuseduze nokuzuza ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nokuqeda izinkinga zenkinga yamandla.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi liyini ilanga lokwenziwa e-China, yiziphi izici zalo nokuthi libaluleke kangakanani ku-paradigm yamandla omhlaba.

Liyini ilanga lokwenziwa laseShayina

i-nuclear fusion reactor

Balibiza ngokuthi ilanga lokwenziwa ngoba lisebenzisa umthombo wamandla ofanayo nenkanyezi yethu eseduze. Ingenye yentuthuko ethembisa kakhulu kwezesayensi, enegama lobuchwepheshe elibizwa ngokuthi i-fusion: umthombo wamandla ocishe uhlanzeke amandla amakhulu abewujaha amashumi eminyaka. Kangangoba eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule kuthiwa kwakusele amashumi amahlanu...

Nokho, kubonakala sengathi siyasondela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoba i-China isanda kwephula irekhodi lokusabela okude kakhulu kwe-nuclear fusion: 120 million degrees Celsius imizuzwana engu-101.

Okokuqala, sizoqhubeka sichaze ukuthi iyini ngempela i-nuclear fusion. Izitshalo ezivamile zamandla enuzi zisebenza ngokukhulula amandla ekuqhekekeni. Okusho ukuthi, "phula" i-athomu. Ngakho-ke, i-uranium ecebile eqhunyiswa ngama-neutron isetshenziselwa ukuqala ukusabela kweketanga lenuzi.

Lezi zimboni sezineminyaka engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu zisebenza. Specific, Isikhungo sokuqala samandla enuzi esixhunywe kugridi saqedwa eSoviet Union ngo-1954. Nokho, njengoba uchungechunge lwezinhlekelele zenuzi zaseChernobyl lusibonisa, azinayo ingozi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinokusabela okungalawuleki kweketango. Nakuba imiphumela yayiyinhlekelele, izenzakalo ezinjalo azivamile neze. Inkinga yangempela nge-nuclear fission udoti owukhiqizayo, ongahlala uyingozi eyingozi amakhulu eminyaka.

Ngokuphambene, i-nuclear fusion noma ilanga lokwenziwa nikeza ikhono lokukhiqiza amandla ngokuphepha ngokumosha okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo. Ngenxa ye-carbon footprint yayo ephansi, ingaba ithuluzi elinamandla ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhali zenuzi kufinyelelwa kanjani

ukuhlanganiswa kwenuzi

Kufinyelelwa kanjani? Empeleni, ihlanganisa ama-nuclei amabili alula ibe yi-nucleus eyodwa esindayo, iwabeke ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu. Ukusabela kubuye kukhiphe amandla ngenxa yokuthi ama-nuclei avelayo mancane kakhulu kunama-nuclei amabili okuqala ewodwa.

Ngokuvamile, uphethiloli osetshenziselwa ukudala ilanga lokwenziwa lusekelwe ku-deuterium ne-tritium isotopes. I-Deuterium ingakhishwa emanzini olwandle, kuyilapho i-tritium ingakhishwa ku-lithium.. Zombili izakhi zichichima ngobuningi obuphelele, cishe azinamkhawulo uma ziqhathaniswa ne-uranium. Isibonelo, i-deuterium ilitha elilodwa lamanzi olwandle ingakhiqiza amandla alingana namalitha angamakhulu amathathu kawoyela.

Ukuze uqonde amandla akhishwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, kwanele ukucabangela ukuthi amagremu ambalwa kaphethiloli angakhiqiza ama-terajoules: eyanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zomuntu ezweni elithuthukile iminyaka eyisithupha.

Ukusabela kwe-Fusion nakho kukhiqiza imfucuza. Iningi layo i-helium, igesi engasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, amanani amancane kadoti okhipha imisebe etholakala ku-tritium nawo akhiqizwa.

Ngenhlanhla, zibola isikhathi eside ngaphambi kozakwabo be-fission. Ngokucacile, zingasetshenziswa kabusha noma zigaywe kabusha esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka eyikhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugeleza kwe-neutron okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kuthinta izinto ezizungezile, kancane kancane zibe nemisebe ngaphandle kokuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela isakhiwo se-reactor kuzoba esinye isici esibalulekile.

Lisebenza kanjani ilanga lokwenziwa laseShayina

Ilanga laseShayina lokwenziwa

Kulungile, manje sesinamafutha ethu e-tritium ne-deuterium, kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza. Kodwa le nqubo isebenza kanjani ngempela? Lapha-ke, qala izingibe lapho usuka kuthiyori uye ekusebenzeni.

Njengoba sasilindele, kwakudingeka ukuba kufakwe izingcindezi namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Kwanele ukushintsha uphethiloli ube yi-plasma eshisa kakhulu. Ama-athomu kufanele angqubuzane emazingeni okushisa okungenani ayizigidi eziyi-100 degrees Celsius, ngokucindezela okwanele kokuzisondeza ndawonye kangangokuthi ukukhanga kwenuzi kunqobe ukunyanyiswa kukagesi.

Ukusungula ukufana okuqinile kufana nokunqoba ukunyanyiswa kozibuthe ababili be-polarity efanayo uze ukwazi ukuhlanganisa ndawonye. Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, amasimu kazibuthe kanye nemishayo ye-laser enamandla isetshenziselwa ukugxila kuphethiloli. Uma isimo se-hyperhot plasma sesifinyelelwe, uphethiloli kufanele uqhubeke ungezwa ngenkathi uzama ukulawula ukukhishwa kokushisa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokucekela phansi i-reactor.

Kunjalo, ayikho into emhlabeni engamelana ne-100 million degrees Celsius ngaphandle kokuncibilika ngokushesha. Yilapho ukuvalelwa kwe-plasma kuqala khona, futhi lokhu kufezwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-reactor.

Intuthuko yakamuva yokuhlanganisa izikhali zenuzi

Njengoba besilindele ekuqaleni, enye yentuthuko yakamuva ekuhlanganisweni kwezikhali zenuzi ihlanganisa i-China. NgoMeyi 2021, abacwaningi e-Southwest Institute of Physics (SWIP) e-Chengdu, e-China bamemezela ukuthi i-reactor yabo ye-HL-2M yephule wonke amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-nuclear fusion.

Nakuba kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, inselele enkulu akukhona ukuhlangana ngokwako, njengoba kuye kwazuzwa kuma-reactor amaningi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Inselele yangempela iwukugcina isikhathi eside: abantu abambalwa abakwazi ukwenza ngaphezu kwemizuzwana embalwa.

Kulapho ososayensi be-SWIP bathola khona indondo yabo: bafinyelela izinga lokushisa elingu-150 million degrees Celsius imizuzwana engu-101. Irekhodi langaphambili laliphethwe yiSouth Korea ngemizuzwana engu-20.

Lesi sakhi esifana ne-tokamak sikhangiswa “njengelanga lokwenziwa,” kodwa empeleni sishisa ngokuphindwe kashumi kunenkaba yelanga. Wonke amehlo manje asebhejelweni enkulu kunazo zonke yamazwe ngamazwe kuze kube manje: ITER. Le phrojekthi enkulu ukuthi kuhilela amazwe angu-35 asanda kuqeda isigaba sokuqala sokwakha. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, i-reactor yokugcina izokwazi ukukhiqiza ama-megawatts kagesi angama-500 cishe ngo-2035.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungakwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana ne-solo yokwenziwa evela e-China nezici zayo.


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.