Lapho uzwa izwi antimatter Kubukeka njengokujwayelekile kwe-movie. Noma kunjalo, kuyinto engokoqobo ngokuphelele futhi siyikhipha nasemzimbeni wethu. I-Antimatter ibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi njengoba isisiza ukuba siqonde izici eziningi zomhlaba, ukwakheka kwawo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ichaza izinto eziningi ezenzeka empeleni.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini i-antimatter futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka? Lapha sichaza konke kuwe.
Yini i-antimatter
I-Antimatter ivela kwesinye salezi zibalo ezinkulu ezinolimi olwaziwa nokuchazwa kuphela ngososayensi abakhulu nezibalo. Lezi zibalo zibukeka njengezinto ezingahambi kahle nokuthi, imvamisa, ngemuva kokulinganisa okuningi, kuvamile ukuthi kube nephutha elithile. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele futhi i-antimatter iyiqiniso.
Kuyinto eyenziwe ngezinto ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-antiparticles. Lezi zinhlayiya ziyefana nalezi esizaziyo kodwa ngokushaja kagesi okuphambene ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-antiparticle ye-electron okushaja kwayo kuyipositron. Kuyinto elinganayo nokwakheka okufanayo, kodwa ngokukhokhiswa okuhle. Lokhu kulula futhi noma ngubani ofuna ukukwenza kube nzima kakhulu akulungile.
Lezi zinhlayiya nezinto eziphikisayo zihamba ngazimbili. Lapho kushayisana laba bobabili, bayaqothulana babuye banyamalale ngokuphelele. Ngaphansi komphumela walokhu kushayisana, kwakheka isibani sokukhanya. Izinhlayiyana ezingenawo amacala, njenge-neutrinos, nazo ngokwazo kucatshangwa ukuthi ziyizinto zazo zokulwa.
Kunemibono ethile ecabanga ngalezi zinhlayiyana ngaphansi kwegama likaMajorana futhi kulandela ukuthi izinhlayiya zezinto ezimnyama nazo zingaba izinhlayiya zeMajorana, okusho ukuthi uqobo lwazo luyisiqeshana salo kanye nezinhlayiya zalo ngasikhathi sinye.
Isibalo sikaDirac
Njengoba sibonile, i-antimatter ivela ezifundweni zezibalo kanye nokulinganisa komzimba okude. Isazi semvelo uPaul Dirac, konke lokhu wakufunda ngo-1930. Wazama ukuhlanganisa imisinga yomzimba ebaluleke kakhulu kokukodwa: ukuhlobana okukhethekile nemishini ye-quantum. Le micimbi emibili ehlangene ohlakeni olulodwa lwethiyori lungasiza kakhulu ukuqonda kwendawo yonke.
Namuhla sikwazi lokhu njengokulingana kwe-Dirac. Lesi yisibalo esilula impela, kodwa esesikhungathekise bonke ososayensi ngaleso sikhathi. Isibalo sabikezela okuthile okubonakala kungenakwenzeka, izinhlayiya ezinamandla amabi. Izibalo zikaDirac zithe izinhlayiya zingaba namandla amancane kunokuphumula. Lokho wukuthi, bangaba namandla amancane kunalokho abanakho uma bengenzi lutho. Lesi sitatimende besinzima ngokwengeziwe kososayensi ukuba basiqonde. Ungaba kanjani namandla amancane kunalawo onawo ngaphandle kokwenza lutho, uma ungasenzi lutho uwedwa?
Kulokhu kwaba lula ukuthola ukuthi izinhlayiya zinamandla amabi. Konke lokhu kudale iqiniso lapho kukhona ulwandle lwezinhlayiya ezinamandla amabi futhi ebezingatholakalanga yi-physics. Lapho inhlayiya ejwayelekile igxuma isuka ezingeni eliphansi lamandla iye kweliphezulu, ishiya igebe ezingeni eliphansi lamandla lapho ivele khona. Manje, uma inhlayiya inenkokhiso engemihle, umgodi ungaba nomgodi okhokhiswe kabi noma, okufanayo, ukukhokhiswa okuhle, okungukuthi, i-positron. Yile ndlela umqondo we-antiparticle owazalwa ngayo.
I-antimatter itholakala kuphi?
Izinhlayiya zokuqala ze-antimatter ezizotholwa yilezo ezivela emisebeni ye-cosmic kusetshenziswa ikamelo lamafu. Lawa makhamera asetshenziselwa ukuthola izinhlayiya.Akhipha igesi ekhipha umoya ngemuva kokudlula kwezinhlayiya, ukuze wazi indlela abanayo. Usosayensi uCarl D. Anderson ukwazile ukusebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ukuze, Lapho inhlayiya idlula egumbini, indlela izogobela ukukhokhiswa kwayo ngogesi. Ngale ndlela kwafinyelelwa ukuthi le nhlayiya yaya ohlangothini olulodwa ne-antiparticle iye kolunye.
Kamuva, kwatholakala ama-antiproton nama-antineutron, futhi kusukela lapho, ukutholwa kuye kwaba kukhulu futhi kukhulu. I-Antimatter yaziwa kangcono. Iplanethi yethu ihlale ihlaselwa ngama-antiparticles ayingxenye yemisebe ye-cosmic. Okusondele kakhulu kithi yilokho okusithintayo.
Singasho ukuthi thina ngokwethu sikhipha i-antimatter ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba. Isibonelo, uma sidla ubhanana, ngenxa yokubola kwe-potassium -40, izokwakha i-positron njalo ngemizuzu engama-75. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma, emzimbeni wethu, sithola i-potassium -40, kuzoba ukuthi thina uqobo lwethu singumthombo wama-antiparticles.
Yenzelwe ini
Impela uzosho ukuthi kusizani ukwazi ukuthi kune-antimatter. Yebo, ngenxa yakhe, sinokuthuthuka okuningi emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ngokwesibonelo, isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-positron emission tomography. Lezi zinhlayiya zisetshenziselwa ukukwazi ukukhiqiza ezinye izithombe zomzimba womuntu ngokulungiswa okuphezulu. Lezi zithombe ziwusizo olukhulu ekuhloleni ukwazi ukuthi sinesimila esandayo noma izinga lokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kusafundwa nokusetshenziswa kwama-antiproton ekwelashweni komdlavuza.
Ngokuzayo, i-antimatter ingasebenza njengento ethembisayo ekukhiqizeni amandla. Lapho i-matter ne-antimatter kuqothula, bashiya uhlobo oluhle lwamandla ngendlela yokukhanya. Igremu elilodwa le-antimatter lilodwa belizokhipha amandla alingana nebhomu lenuzi. Lokhu kusabeka ngokuphelele.
Inkinga namuhla ngokusetshenziswa kwe-antimatter yamandla ukugcinwa kwayo. Yinto esikude kakhulu nokuyixazulula. Wonke amagremu we-antimatter kungadinga cishe ama-25.000 trillion kilowatt amahora wamandla.
Kuyasiza nokuchaza ukuthi kungani sikhona. Ekuqaleni, ngokusho kwe- Ithiyori enkulu yeBang, imvelaphi yakho kokubili udaba kanye ne-antimatter kufanele kwenzeke ngephethini yokulinganisa okuphelele. Ukube bekunjalo, besizonyamalala. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufanele okungenani kube nenhlayiya eyodwa yendaba ye-antimatter ngayinye.
Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi lukucacisile ukungabaza kwakho nge-antimatter.