Ukungcola ezingeni lomhlaba kuyinkinga enkulu okufanele ilwelwe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Lapho sikhuluma ngokungcola okwenziwa amazwe amabili, sikhuluma ikakhulukazi ngokungcoliswa komoya. Yize kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokungcola, kungukungcola komoya okudala imiphumela emibi esikalini samaplanethi njengokufudumala komhlaba kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. I- amazwe amaningi angcolisa umhlaba Yibo labo abanesibalo senani elikhulu kakhulu lokukhipha igesi emkhathini.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi yimaphi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezinkulu zalokhu kungcola.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Le yinkinga engasasetshenziswanga kuphela yizintshisekelo zemvelo. Eminyakeni edlule sekube yisihloko esiyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke yawo wonke umuntu. Ukungcoliswa komoya kuyindaba ethakazelisa umhlaba wonke futhi isixazululo sayo asikho ezandleni zikahulumeni noma emazweni omhlaba, kepha wonke umuntu anganikela ngohlamvu lwesihlabathi ukuze akwazi ukumisa le miphumela. Ubufakazi obusobala bokungcoliswa komoya yilabo bantu abadumile bokungcola okuhlangana ezindaweni zasemadolobheni futhi okuyingozi empilweni.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zokungcola komoya ezingatholakali kalula noma ezingabonakali kepha futhi zinemiphumela ebulalayo empilweni yezidalwa eziphilayo kanye nemvelo. Lezi zingcolisi zidala ukufudumala kanye nomhlaba ngemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Phakathi kwemvelaphi esinayo yokungcola komoya sibona ukuthi, phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yempilo kule planethi, kukhishwe umoya ongcolile.
Ukukhishwa kobuthi kuyingxenye yomjikelezo wempilo, kepha ngokwesilinganiso semvelo. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukungcoliswa ngokwemvelo akuphazamisi kakhulu ukwakheka noma ukwakheka zezinto eziphilayo ngoba kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Kuyingxenye yomjikelezo futhi ayinyuswa yimisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kukhishwa kufaka phakathi amagesi akhishwa ngesikhathi kuqhuma intaba-mlilo, kepha imiphumela yawo ayihlali unomphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwenguquko yezimboni kumuntu futhi ngokukhula okwandayo kwabantu, sithola iphanorama yokungcola komoya ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Noma yikuphi ukungcola komoya kubhekisela ebukhoneni bezinto ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa ngomsebenzi wabantu.
Imiphumela eyinhloko
Njengoba sazi, imiphumela yokungcola komoya mikhulu impela. Esokuqala, esiqonde ngqo, ukwanda nokwanda kwezifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingamadolobha ezingcolile. Kukhona nezindawo eziseduze nokusondela kwemithombo yezimboni okungaleyo eveza le mikhiqizo enobuthi emkhathini. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, izifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo zanda kakhulu.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-3% wabo bonke abantu abangeniswa ezibhedlela Kukhiqizwa ukwanda kwezifo ezihlobene nenani lezingcolisi ezisemkhathini. Amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni yilawo lapho kunokuxinana okuphezulu kwala magesi ngakho-ke, kukhona nemiphumela emikhulu kwezempilo.
Omunye umphumela ongathi sína wokungcola komoya umphumela owaziwayo wokushisa okushisa ukushisa. Akufanele sididanise umphumela wokushisa kwendlu kanjalo nokwanda kwawo. Inkinga akukhona ukuthi kunomphumela wokushisa okushisayo (ngaphandle kwawo, impilo ibingeke ibe njengoba sazi), kepha ukuthi yandisa imiphumela ngenxa yalezi gesi. Ezinye zezinkinga ezitholakala ekungcolisweni komoya ukubhujiswa kwemvelo, ukuzwa isenzo ezindaweni ezinkulu, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, ukunyamalala komhlaba, ukwanda kwezinambuzane, ukuphela kwezinhlobo nokunye okuningi.
Amazwe amaningi angcolisa umhlaba
Siyakwazi lokho minyaka yonke amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-36.000 we-CO2 akhishwa emkhathini. Yigesi enkulu ebamba ukushisa enomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Izindlela zokuphuma zala mafutha ikakhulu zibangelwa ukungcolisa imisebenzi yabantu. Kodwa-ke, kuphela amanye amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni anesibopho sokukhipha iningi elincane lale gesi. Kungashiwo ukuthi amazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni eminyakeni yamuva kube yiChina, iMelika, iNdiya, iRussia neJapan.
Uma sikhuluma ngokukhishwa kwe-CO2, empeleni sikubiza ngokuthi yigesi eyinhloko, kodwa futhi njengesilinganiso. Lapho sesivele sazi ukukhishwa okulingana ku-CO2, sesivele sesiyazi iCarbon Footprint yombuso ngamunye, yize lokho okukhiqizayo njengokungcola kungenjalo, ngokunengqondo, akuyona yonke into noma i-Dioxide nje.
Uma singenawo umqondo, kufanele sazi ukuthi amazinga wamanje okungcola awenzekanga okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi ezintathu lapho kwakungekho muntu emhlabeni. Kumele kukhunjulwe futhi ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, umhlaba wawusenkathini yokusebenza kwentaba-mlilo esebenzayo kakhulu.
Ngemininingwane engatholakala, sithola ukuthi iChina ubhekele ama-30% akho konke ukukhishwa emhlabeni jikelele, ngenkathi ise-United States inesibopho se-14%. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi yiliphi izinga lamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni:
- I-China, engaphezulu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10.065 we-CO2 akhishiwe
- I-United States, enamathani ayizigidi ezingama-5.416 we-CO2
- I-India, enamathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.654 we-CO2
- I-Russia, enamathani ayi-1.711 wezigidi ze-CO2
- IJapan, amathani ayi-1.162 wezigidi ze-CO2
- IJalimane, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-759 we-CO2
- I-Iran, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-720 we-CO2
- ISouth Korea, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-659 we-CO2
- I-Saudi Arabia, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-621 we-CO2
- I-Indonesia, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-615 we-CO2
Yize iningi lesikhundla lihlala linjalo maqondana nonyaka we-2018, kuyacaca ukuthi iCanada ishiywe ngaphandle ukushiya indawo engunombolo 10 iye e-Indonesia, elinye lamazwe asathuthuka abona ukuthi ukukhishwa kwawo kukhula kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namazwe angcolisa kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nemiphumela emibi yokungcola komoya emhlabeni jikelele.