Emhlabeni wethu kunokwehluka izinhlobo zamadwala. Ngokuya ngezici zabo, imvelaphi nokwakheka kwabo, bahlukaniswa njengamatshe angenalutho. Kepha ukuhlukaniswa akunjalo. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okuningiliziwe okuningiliziwe mayelana nezici, ukwakheka, izinto ezakhiwe ngakho, njll. Isibonelo, amatshe angenalutho ahlukaniswe ngamadwala e-plutonic namatshe entaba-mlilo. Namuhla, sizonikezela konke lokhu okuthunyelwe ku amatshe plutonic.
Uma ufuna ukwazi izici, imvelaphi, ukwakheka nezinto zokwenziwa kwamatshe e-plutonic, le ndatshana ingeyakho.
Imali enkulu
Amatshe kaPlutonic ayaziwa nangokuthi amadwala angenayo. Luhlobo lwedwala olwakhiwe inqubo yokupholisa sekwephuzile yemagma. Lokhu kupholisa kuyingxenye yomsebenzi owenzeka ezinkulungwaneni zamamitha ukujula, ngaphakathi kwengaphakathi loMhlaba. Lawa madwala awukuphikisana noma okuphambene namadwala entaba-mlilo, nawo amadwala angama-igneous, abizwa ngokuthi yi-extrusive. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwayo kwenzeka lapho i-lacquer isuka kuketshezi iye esimweni esiqinile futhi ivela ngaphandle noma ebusweni bomhlaba.
Lawa matshe angenelelayo avela njengezixuku ezi-igneous ezingahlanjululwanga. Ukwakheka kwayo kanye nemvelaphi yakhona kulolonga ukufakwa kwamafomethi nezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene esingakuthola maphakathi noMhlaba. Lezi zimali zibhekwa njengama-pluton. Zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Blatolith: luhlobo olubanzi kakhulu lwediphozi olukhona emhlabeni wonke. Ubuso bayo bukhulu kune-100 km2. Ukuvela kwale diphozithi kwenzeke ngokusebenzisa ukungena okuningi. Kule ndawo ungathola izingxube ezinkulu zegranite nama-diorite. Imvamisa, singayithola ezindaweni ezimakwe ngokwakhiwa kwezintaba. Akuvamisile ukuvumelana nalokho kwedwala lokwakha isidleke.
- I-Lacolito: ngolunye uhlobo lwediphozi oluvumelana kahle nedwala lokushumeka. I-morphology iyefana neyekhowe. Lokho wukuthi, isisekelo siyathopha, kepha idome ephezulu ibanzi. Ubukhulu buphakathi futhi buyavela ngenxa yokududulwa kwamatshe yi-magma.
- I-Lopolito: iyidiphozi yokugcina futhi yakhiwe njenge dome eguquliwe. Imvamisa ivumelana kahle ngentambo ebomvu. Ifakwe kumugqa wamadwala asezingeni eliphezulu ngoba igcina ukubukeka okuyishubhu.
Izici zamatshe e-plutonic
Manje sizochaza izici eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwamatshe akhiwe kumadiphozithi achazwe ngenhla. Imvamisa ziminyene futhi azinayo imigodi. Ukuthungwa kwabo kubi kakhulu futhi kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Zihluke kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali esingawathola ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-magma lapho ivela khona.
Lawa madwala maningi impela ebusweni bomhlaba futhi abhekwa njengamatshe amakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lamatshe athanda ukwakheka kwamanye amatshe. Lezi zinhlobo zamatshe zitholakala nasemaplanethi asezintanjeni njengeMercury, iVenus neMars nasenhlanganweni yamanye amaplanethi amakhulu kagesi afana neSaturn, Jupiter, Uranus neNeptune.
Izinhlobo zamatshe e-plutonic
Sizohlaziya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamatshe e-plutonic akhona emhlabeni wethu:
Granite
Ingelinye lamatshe ajwayelekile. Ukwakheka kwayo kungenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali afana ne-feldspars, i-quartz nama-micas. Lawa amaminerali agxila ekujuleni komhlaba. Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kunzima kakhulu futhi kunokubukeka kwamakristalu. Kulula ukupholisha nokusebenza. Ngalesi sizathu isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukwenza indawo emakhishini nasemagumbini okugeza. Yize inemibala engapheli, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi mpunga nokumhlophe.
Ubuningi bezinhlaka zegranite buphakathi kuka-2.63 no-2.75 gr / cm3. It has a ubulukhuni mkhulu kunalokho zemabula. Ngenxa yalobu bunzima nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene, kungasetshenziswa ekuqedeni okungenakubalwa nakuzinhlelo zokusebenza. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babeqopha ugwadle futhi benza izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziqukathi ezinjengezimbiza. Njengalokhu, bayisebenzisela ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kolunye lwamaphiramidi. AbaseGibhithe basebenzise i-granite ukwakha izithombe, amakholomu, iminyango, nokuningi.
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe babantu, leli dwala selisetshenzisiwe emkhakheni wezokwakha nowokwakha. Kwezinye izindawo, i-granite ithatha indawo yemabula, njengoba ihlala isikhathi eside. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuyibona emihlanganweni yokuphikisana nekhishi. Uma ipholile, inobuhle obuhle nokusebenza okuhle.
gabbro
Olunye uhlobo lwedwala le-plutonic. Mpunga ngokuluhlaza ngombala. Ukubukeka kwayo kuyimbudumbudu. Inezindleko eziphansi uma siyiqhathanisa namanye amadwala namaminerali afana ne-chromium, i-platinum noma i-nickel. Noma kunjalo, I-gabbro isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuqala kokuhlobisa engadini.
IGreenstone
Imali yalolu hlobo lwedwala itholakala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abaningi. Isibonelo, kukhona imali enothe nge-diorite e-Alps noma e-Andes Mountains. Ingxenye enkulu ye-diorite nayo yagxila eRosetta Stone eGibhithe.
Namuhla, i-diorite isetshenziswa emisebenzini eminingi yokwakha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, uma ixutshwe nezinye izinto, ingathola ubulukhuni obedlulele, ivuna ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yomgwaqo. Iqukethe ukufana okuthile ngegranite, yingakho ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izinto zokubala zasekhishini. Uma kwenziwa izinqubo zokupholisha, zingasetshenziswa ekuhlobiseni emapaki nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi.
ISyenite
Ukwakheka kwe-syenite nokwakheka kwayo kuyahlukahluka. Idwala lingatholakala etsheni elinomthunzi okhanyayo nokusanhlamvu okuhle, edwaleni elimpunga elinamakhorasi amabi. AmaSyenite anenani elincane le-silika kunalokho okutholakala kuma-granitic magmas. Ayikwazi ukumelana nomlilo.
I-Peridotite
Inombala omnyama. Kuyinani elikhulu kunawo wonke kuqweqwe loMhlaba. It has neze ukusetshenziswa commercial. Abanye bososayensi bancoma amakhono alo amakhulu okumunca isikhutha.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamatshe e-plutonic.