Siyazi ukuthi i- uhlelo lwelanga Yakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaplanethi ezinezici nokwakheka okuhlukile. Kukhona amafayela we- amaplanethi anegesi ezaziwa njengamagesi amakhulu futhi akuyona nje iplanethi enkulu eyakhiwe ikakhulu ngamagesi afana ne-hydrogen ne-helium kodwa enomgogodla omncane onamadwala. Ngokungafani namanye amaplanethi anamadwala akhiwe ngokuphelele ngamatshe futhi anomoya wegesi, lapha inani elikhulu lamagesi likhona kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, umehluko kanye nokufuna ukwazi kwamaplanethi anegesi.
Ayini amaplanethi anegesi
Ekuboneni kokuqala nasegameni, kungabonakala sengathi sikhuluma ngamabhola noma ngegesi. Sikhuluma nje ngeplanethi umnyombo wayo onamadwala kepha yonke enye iplanethi igesi. Lawa magesi avame ukuba yi-hydrogen ne-helium. Phakathi kwamaplanethi anegesi akha uhlelo lwonozungezilanga esinalo I-Jupiter, Saturn, I-Uranus y Neptune. Lawa maplanethi amakhulu amane egesi abizwa nangokuthi amaplanethi weJovian noma amaplanethi angaphandle. Yilawo maplanethi ahlala engxenyeni engaphandle yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ngale kwemizila ye-Mars nebhande le-asteroid.
Ngesikhathi I-Jupiter neSaturn ngamaplanethi amakhulu anegesi, i-Uranus neNeptune zinokwakheka okuhlukile ngezici ezikhethekile. Uma sikhuluma ngamaplanethi anegesi siyabona ukuthi akhiwe kakhulu yi-hydrogen ngakho-ke, okuwukubonakaliswa kokwakhiwa kwe-nebula yokuqala yelanga.
Ayini?
Sizoklelisa ukuthi yimaphi amaplanethi amakhulu anegesi esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga:
- I-Jupiter: yiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke kuso sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga. Kungezinye zezizathu ezenza ukuthi yaziwe ngegama lamaplanethi amakhulu. Ukwakheka kwayo okuyinhloko yi-hydrogen ne-helium ezungeze umnyombo wamadwala neqhwa. Njengoba inkulu kangaka inamandla amakhulu kazibuthe futhi ibonakala ngeso lenyama. Emhlabathini siyabona okubukeka njengenkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu yombala obomvu futhi leyo yiJupiter. Esinye sezici zabo eziyinhloko ibala elibomvu abanalo ngenxa yengcindezi enkulu yomkhathi namafu aphakeme.
- ISaturn: isici esiyinhloko seSaturn izindandatho zayo ezinkulu. Inezinyanga ezingama-53 ezaziwayo futhi yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-hydrogen ne-helium. Kuyafana nangeplanethi edlule, wonke la magesi azungeze umnyombo wamatshe aminyene ukwakheka kwawo kuyafana.
- I-Uranus: ukuphela kweplanethi etshekele ohlangothini lwayo. Yiyo ejikeleza ibheke emuva maqondana neplanethi ngayinye. Umkhathi wayo ngaphandle kwe-hydrogen ne-helium wakhiwe yi-methane. Iqeda ukuzungeza kwayo eminyakeni engama-84 Yomhlaba futhi ineziphuphutheki eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko.
- I-Neptune: ukwakheka komoya wayo kufana nalokho kuka-Uranus. Inezinyanga eziyi-13 eziqinisekisiwe kuze kube namuhla futhi yatholwa ngabantu abaningana ngonyaka we-1846. Ukuhamba kwayo kuhamba kancane ngoba icishe ibe yisiyingi futhi kuthatha cishe iminyaka engu-164 yoMhlaba ukuzungeza ilanga. Isikhathi sabo sokujikeleza cishe amahora angama-18. Ibuye ibe nesakhiwo esifana kakhulu nesika-Uranus.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukaniswa kwamaplanethi anegesi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi, ngenxa yokwehluka kwala maplanethi ekwakhekeni nasekwakhiweni kwawo, nawo ayehluka phakathi kwawo. I-Jupiter neSaturn bahlukaniswa njengezigebenga zegesi, kuyilapho u-Uranus noNeptune bengama-ice giants. Ngenxa yokuba kude kwabo nelanga abahlala kulo kuhlelo lwelanga, bane-nuclei eyakhiwe ngedwala neqhwa.
Izici zamaplanethi anegesi
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ezichaza la maplanethi anegesi:
- Azinayo indawo echazwe kahle. Njengoba umgogodla ukuphela kwento enamadwala futhi okuseleyo yiyo ayinayo indawo echazwe ngokuphelele.
- Akhiwe ngobuningi begesi lapho ikakhulu i-hydrogen ne-helium kugcwele khona.
- Lapho ososayensi bebhekisa kububanzi, indawo, ubukhulu nokuqina kwala maplanethi zenziwa maqondana nongqimba olungaphandle olubonakala ngaphandle.
- Ama-atmospheres aminyene kakhulu futhi yisizathu esenza ukuthi amagesi aqhubeke kule planethi futhi angasabalali kuwo wonke umhlaba.
- bonke Banenani elikhulu lama-satellite nezinhlelo zezindandatho.
- Kuyaziwa ngegama lamaplanethi kaJovian kwazise anobukhulu nezici ezifana neJupiter.
- Ubuningi bayo buphansi futhi ingaphakathi layo linamadwala kakhulu. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwayo ikakhulukazi kungamagesi, kunabantu abaphansi kakhulu. I-nucleus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminyene ngokwengeziwe.
- Lapho uthola inani lokukhanya lokuthena linezinga lokushisa eliphansi impela. Iplanethi ebanda kakhulu yiNeptune.
- Zijikeleza ngokushesha ngokujikeleza okujwayelekile kwamahora ayi-10. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza kwayo kokuzungeza ilanga kuhamba kancane.
- Izinkambu zayo ezinamandla amakhulu kanye namandla adonsela phansi zinamandla amakhulu futhi yingakho bengakwazi ukugcina inqwaba yamagesi.
- Ama-atmospheres namaphethini wesimo sezulu afana ncamashi phakathi kwabo bonke.
Umehluko ovela emaplanethi anamadwala
Phakathi komehluko omkhulu esiwubonayo maqondana namaplanethi anamadwala ukuthi amaplanethi anegesi ikakhulukazi akhiwe yi-hydrogen, i-helium ne-methane. Okungukuthi, akhiwe ikakhulukazi amagesi, kanti amanye amaplanethi amatshe. Amaplanethi anamadwala ikakhulukazi anendawo eqinile futhi akhiwe ngamatshe.
Omunye umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ubuso bamaplanethi anamadwala buchazwe kahle. Amaplanethi anamadwala anezimo zasemkhathini zesibili ezivele ezinqubweni zangaphakathi zokwakheka komhlaba, kuyilapho amaplanethi anamadwala amaplanethi anegesi anemikhathi eyinhloko ebanjwe ngokuqondile kwi-nebula yokuqala yelanga. Lawa maplanethi acwaningwa ngokuningiliziwe kunikezwe ubuchwepheshe babantu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamaplanethi anegesi kanye nezici zawo.