Ubuwazi yini ukuthi kunamaphuzu ku-orbit yento ezungeze enye into lapho singabeka khona isathelayithi noma enye indikimba yasezulwini ekwazi ukuntweza phezu kwayo futhi ihlale emkhathini, njalo ebangeni elifanayo kuzo zombili lezi zinto? Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi Amaphuzu e-Lagrangian Futhi ziwusizo kakhulu kunalokho obukucabanga.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi amaphuzu e-Lagrange, izici zawo nokubaluleka kwawo.
Yiziphi amaphuzu e-Lagrange?
Amaphuzu we-Lagrange awukubonakaliswa kwemishini yasezulwini. Bathola igama labo ngokuhlonipha isazi sezibalo saseFrance UJoseph-Louis Lagrange, owathola futhi wafunda ngokujulile ngekhulu le-XNUMX. La maphuzu akhethekile atholakala ohlelweni olwakhiwe yimizimba emibili ezungeza umzimba wesithathu, njengeplanethi nenyanga yayo, noma iplanethi neLanga.
Cabanga ukuthi unemizimba emibili, owodwa omkhulu kunomunye, ozungeza indawo emaphakathi, njengeLanga. Phela, amaphuzu e-Lagrange ayizindawo ezithile kulokhu kucushwa lapho amandla adonsela phansi emizimba emibili ebhalansisa ngokulinganayo. indlela ekhetheke kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, kulawa maphuzu, amandla e-centrifugal namandla adonsela phansi ayalingana, futhi lokhu kudala uhlobo "lwendawo yokuphumula" emkhathini.
Kodwa akuphi ngempela lamaphuzu? Awu, kunamaphuzu e-Lagrange amahlanu esewonke, anenombolo ethi L1 kuya ku-L5. Iphoyinti L1 litholakala phakathi kwemizimba emibili ku-orbit, emgqeni ofanayo wokucabanga ozihlanganisayo. Iphoyinti L2, ngokwengxenye yalo, likumugqa ofanayo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-L1. Amaphuzu u-L3, L4 kanye no-L5 akha unxantathu olinganayo onemizimba emibili emzileni, kanti u-L3 uyiphoyinti elibhekene nomzimba omkhulu kakhulu, futhi u-L4 no-L5 atholakala ngaphambi nangemuva kwalo mzimba ngokulandelana.
Incazelo eningiliziwe
L1
Lapho into isondela elangeni (noma ezintweni ezizungezile), yilapho ihamba ngokushesha. Ngale ndlela, amasathelayithi anemizila emincane kunomjikelezo woMhlaba azofika eMhlabeni ngokushesha noma kamuva. Nokho, uma sikubeka phakathi, Amandla adonsela phansi omhlaba aqondiswe kolunye uhlangothi namandla adonsela phansi eLanga, ahoxise okunye ukucindezela kweLanga, ukuyibangela ukuthi izungezise ngesivinini esincane. Uma ibanga lilungile, isathelayithi izohamba kancane ngokwanele ukuze igcine indawo yayo phakathi komhlaba nelanga. Leli yiphuzu le-L1 elizosetshenziselwa ukuqapha ubuso beLanga, njengoba amajethi ayizinhlayiyana asuka lapho afika ku-L1 ihora ngaphambi kokufika emhlabeni wethu.
L2
Into efanayo eyenzeka ku-L1 yenzeka ngakolunye uhlangothi loMhlaba, ngale komjikelezo wethu. NOMAUmkhumbi-mkhathi obekwe lapho wawuzoba kude nelanga kunathi futhi wawuyogcina usele ngemuva., kodwa ebangeni elifanele ithonya lelanga lamandla adonsela phansi laliyonezela emhlabeni, libangele iziphuphutheki zizungeza umhlaba.
L3
I-L3 isohlangothini olukude lwelanga, ngemuva kancane komjikelezo weplanethi yethu. Izinto eziku-L3 azinakubonwa zisuka eMhlabeni. Eqinisweni, leli phuzu livame ukusetshenziswa ezinganekwaneni zesayensi ukuze kutholwe amaplanethi ahambisana nomjikelezo wethu. Lokhu kuzinzile kune-L1 noma i-L2. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kuyobangela ukuba umkhumbi-mkhathi, isathelayithi, noma uphenyo luqale ukusuka kuso, okudinga ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinjini ukuze kuhlale endaweni efanele. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amanye amaplanethi aseduze nalelo phuzu kuneplanethi yethu. Ngokwesibonelo, IVenus idlula cishe amakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka endaweni engu-L000 njalo ezinyangeni ezingama-000.
L4 kanye L5
Amaphuzu L4 kanye ne-L5 atholakala ngamadigri angu-60 ngaphambi nangemuva koMhlaba njengoba ebonwa eLangeni, eduze nokuzungeza komhlaba. Ngokungafani nokunye, i-L4 ne-L5 imelana kakhulu nanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uthuli kanye ne-asteroid material kuvame ukunqwabelana kulezi zindawo.
Ukubaluleka kwamaphoyinti e-Lagrange
Lawa maphuzu e-Lagrange ayizindawo ezikhethekile ngoba noma iyiphi into encane ebekwe kuwo izohlala izinzile maqondana nemizimba emibili ezungezayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isathelayithi noma umkhumbi-mkhathi ungahlala kwenye yalezi zindawo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-thrust njalo. Yingakho i-Lagrange ikhomba banesithakazelo esikhulu ekuhloleni indawo kanye nokubekwa kwamasathelayithi emkhathini.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwawo okungokoqobo, amaphuzu e-Lagrange nawo anokubaluleka kwethiyori ocwaningweni lwemishini yasezulwini kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zemizimba ezungezayo. Ukutholwa nokuqonda kwabo kuye kwasivumela ube nombono ophelele nonembe kakhudlwana wokuhamba kwezinkanyezi emkhathini.
Ukubaluleka kwangempela kwamaphuzu e-Lagrange kudlula ukusetshenziswa kwawo okungokoqobo ekuhloleni indawo kanye nokubekwa kwesathelayithi. Lawa maphuzu amelela iwindi elithakazelisayo ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo emkhathini futhi asivumele ukuthi sifunde izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi emkhakheni we-physics physics.
Ukusetshenziswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza
Enye yezinhlelo eziphawuleka kakhulu zamaphoyinti eLagrange ukuzinza kwamasathelayithi azungezayo. Ngokubeka isathelayithi kwelinye lala maphuzu, singayigcina imile ngokuphathelene noMhlaba nanoma yimuphi omunye umzimba ohlelweni. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ohambweni lokubuka umhlaba, lapho kudingeka khona indawo egxilile ukuze kutholwe izithombe ezinemininingwane yesifunda esithile phakathi nesikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphuzu e-Lagrange anikeza ithuba lokusungula "imilaza" yamasathelayithi ku-orbit ezungeze umzimba wasezulwini. Lawa maqoqo ezinkanyezi angasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, njenge ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke, ukuqapha isimo sezulu, ukubhekwa kwezinkanyezi kanye nokuhlola indawo. Ngokusabalalisa amasathelayithi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-Lagrange, singakwazi ukwandisa ukumbozwa nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yethu yasemkhathini.
Enye indawo lapho zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphenyweni nasekuhloleni ama-asteroids kanye nenkanyezi enomsila. Lawa maphuzu asebenza njengezindawo ezinamasu okuthola ama-probes asemkhathini afisa ukufunda lezi zindikimba zasezulwini ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokuhlala endaweni ye-Lagrange eduze ne-asteroid noma inkanyezi enomsila, ama-probes angaphenya ukwakheka kwawo, ukwakheka nokuziphatha kwawo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokudla uphethiloli omkhulu ukuze kugcinwe umzila ozinzile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamaphoyinti e-Lagrange, izici zawo nokusetshenziswa kwawo.