Amanzi

Emkhakheni we-geology kanye ne-geography a amanzi lokhu kubaluleka okukhulu. Kuwukucindezeleka emhlabathini okuzungezwe umhlaba ophakeme. Kule ndawo, wonke amanzi awela kuyo, kufaka phakathi lawo emvula neqhwa elincibilikile, ayahlangana abe munye. Endaweni ephansi ehambelana nendawo okuphuma kuyo umcengezi. Yilapho imifula, amachibi, imilambo yakhiwa khona futhi ichithela olwandle nasolwandle.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngokubaluleka komcengezi we-hydrographic, izici zawo nokwakheka komhlaba.

Izici eziyinhloko

Imifula eminingi inesitsha sayo, esikhipha umhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, yonke indawo yokugeleza koMfula i-Amazon yakha indawo yayo yokuhambisa amanzi, njengoba kunjalo indawo yokugeleza yoMfula iNayile yindawo yakho yokuhambisa amanzi nge-hydrological. Bayihlelo eliyinhloko lemvelo elibhekele ukuqoqa nokuhambisa amanzi nezidumbu.

"Umugqa" ohlukanisa futhi uhlukanise amadamu amanzi aseduze ubizwa ngokuthi "umcengezi", okungelutho ngaphandle kochungechunge lwezakhiwo zokwakheka komhlaba ezinokuphakama okukhulu ukugwema ukuhlangana kwamanzi omcengezi. Izindunduma, izintaba, amagquma nama-crevasses yizendlalelo ezijwayelekile ezingahlukanisa amanzi.

Amachibi ayahluka ngosayizi, kepha angaba mancane njengokukhulu, amboze izindawo eziningi zezwe futhi afinyelele kumakhilomitha-skwele ambalwa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umcengezi awunawo umfula owodwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nemingenela eminingi, exhunywe kweminye imizimba emikhulu noma emincane yamanzi.

Izikhathi eziningi umfula omncane ugcwaliswa ngomfula omkhulu noma uxhuma emfuleni noma echibini, ngakho-ke inani lamanzi esitsheni lizokhula. Ngakho-ke, umcengezi omkhulu uqukethe umfudlana omkhulu nayo yonke imifula yawo, kepha umsele ngamunye nawo unebhesheni elincane. Isibonelo: Umfula iMississippi River unezindawo ezincane eziyisithupha zamanzi. Umcengezi wase-Amazon uwumfula omkhulu kunayo yonke ngoba yona nayo yonke imifula yayo inendawo yokuhambisa amanzi engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-7.

Indawo yokuhlanza amanzi uhlelo oluyinhloko lwemvelo olubhekele ukuqoqa nokuhambisa amanzi nendle emifuleni, imifudlana nakweminye imizila yamanzi. Inani loketshezi olugelezayo luncike emvuleni eyenzekayo, umthamo wokumunca, ukungena nokugcwala kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka komhlaba (isicaba, ukuthambeka, njll.), Ukuphenduka kwezitshalo, ukuhwamuka nezinye izinto. Yini enye, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphezulu ngabantu kuzonciphisa inani lamanzi kubheseni.

Izinhlobo zamanzi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamadamu amanzi ngokuya nge-morphology yawo nokuthi zitholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi okuyizona eziphambili:

• Umcengezi womfula. Yizindawo ezikhanywa yimifula nemifudlana yazo, njengasesibonelweni esishiwo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinhlobo zamanzi
• Umcengezi wesakhiwo. Zakhiwa ukufuduka kwamapuleti etektoni. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile.
• Umcengezi wangaphakathi. Amanzi alo awagelezi olwandle noma olwandle, kepha athambekela ekubeni ngukhwamuko noma ashone phansi. Lezi zindishi zesakhiwo zinezinhlelo zokuhambisa amanzi zangaphakathi.
• Umcengezi wechibi. Izindishi zamatectonic ezitholakala ezigodini zivinjelwe imfucumfucu, amatshe noma ezinye izinto ezivimbela ukukhishwa kwamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela zibhajwe emfucumfucwini futhi zenze amachibi.
• Umcengezi oyindilinga. Ziyizindishi zokwakheka kwe-hydrological ezinamabhulethi amancane aqukethe izingqimba zedwala nezinto eziphilayo.
• Umcengezi wolwandle. Zihambisana nokudangala okukhulu lapho izilwandle zomhlaba zitholakala khona, ngakho olwandle ngalunye kunomcengezi

Ukungcola nokubaluleka

Ukungcola kanye nokwanda kwamadolobha ezinye zezinsongo ezinkulu ezisongela ukugeleza kwamanzi emhlabeni. Amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imvelo nempilo yezinto eziphilayo, kubandakanya nabantu. Amanzi angenye yezinsiza zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ayadingeka ekusetshenzisweni kwabo bonke abantu.

Ukungcola, ukufudukela emadolobheni nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsizakusebenza (izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo zamanzi, amaminerali, njll.) zamanzi alo akha izinsongo ezinkulu ezibeka engcupheni ukuphikelela kwazo emhlabeni. Ohulumeni abaningi basungule amaqembu okuphatha amanzi, kepha iqiniso ukuthi noma ngubani ozama ukunakekela amanzi naye uyasiza ukuvikela amanzi.

Amanzi abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imvelo kanye nemisebenzi yabantu. Yini ukubaluleka kwesitsha? Sikukhombisa izibonelo ezithile:

• Okokuqala, lawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwayo kunciphisa ubungozi bezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinjengezikhukhula noma ukudilika komhlaba.
• Futhi, lawula ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi angumthombo wamanzi ahlanzekile, ukudla kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni.
• Njengoba ukugeleza kwamanzi esitsheni kushesha kakhulu, singathola amandla kagesi kagesi ukwenza imisebenzi yethu.
• Ekugcineni, asikwazi ukwehluleka ukukhuluma ngobuhle besizi somfula, okuvame ukuba yingxenye yemisebenzi yethu yokuzilibazisa.

Ukwakheka nokwakheka kwezindishi ze-hydrographic

Emjikelezweni wamanzi, amanzi emvula aqoqa emigudwini emincane eyakha imithambeka yokwakha izitsha zamanzi, kuvule iziteshi eziningi zesikhashana. Ingxenye yamanzi emvula iyahwamuka noma ingene futhi enye ingxenye izungeza ezansi nommango. Lapho indishi inkulu ngokwanele, ukugeleza kobuso nokugeleza komhlaba kungakhipha ukugeleza kwamanzi unomphela, kwakheke umcengezi ophelele we-hydrological.

Amanzi ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Umgodi ongaphezulu: yindawo lapho umthombo womfula omkhulu utholakala ezindaweni zemithambeka nezintaba.
• Umcengezi ophakathi nendawo: Yindawo ehambelana nesigodi somfula, lapho ngokuvamile, i-zigzags.
• Umcengezi ongaphansi: Kuyindawo ephansi lapho imifula ilahlekelwa khona isivinini, amandla kanye nentlenga yazo zonke izinto eziqoqiwe, zakha amathafa.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini i-waterhed, ukuthi yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.