Sekuyisikhathi impela kwaziwa ukuthi iMars inamanzi ngaphakathi kuyo. Okungaziwa ukuthi angaba namanzi angakanani empeleni. Njengoba sazi, iMars ihlose iNASA futhi icwaningisiswa kahle. Idatha entsha ivezwe ngomhla ka- amanzi kuma-mars ehlobene nomhlabathi ongaphansi wepali eseningizimu. Kunenqwaba yamachibi angaphansi komhlaba abonakala etholakala kule ndawo.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela konke okwaziwa njengamanje ngamanzi e-Mars.
ISouth Pole namanzi ku-Mars
Kuze kube manje, siyazi ukuthi indawo engaphansi komhlaba kweMars iqukethe amadiphozi eqhwa lamanzi ne-carbon dioxide efriziwe ezindaweni, ezibizwa ngeqhwa elomile. Lezi zidalwa zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, okusivumela ukuba siqophe kangcono umlando we-Mars. Ngokwesibonelo, sivumele sinqume ukuthi izifunda ezithile zeMars zaziphola kanjani esikhathini esedlule ukuvumela lokhu kubanda.
Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwe yiNASA luveze imininingwane eminingi ngalezi zimali ezingaphansi komhlaba. Abanaso isiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zimpawu zingamanzi angamanzi yini, kepha zibukeka zibanzi kakhulu kunalezo ezitholakala kumadokhumenti okuqala. Le nhlangano isebenzise insimbi ye-MARSIS ku-Mars Space Agency ye-Mars Express. Ngale nsimbi ye-radar, abacwaningi bangathumela amagagasi ebusweni be-Mars. Ngokuya ngamagagasi abonisiwe elitholayo, anganquma ukuthi yini engaphansi kobuso. Ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa libonakala kalula kumagagasi e-radarngenkathi izingxenye ezifana nomhlaba uqobo zingena kalula futhi zingabonakali.
Uphenyo lwakamuva luveze inqwaba yamaphuzu okukhombisa eningizimu pole. Indawo embozwe ngala maphuzu inkulu kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ekuqaleni. Kepha into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi amanzi afriziwe angaphansi kwamakhilomitha amabili ukujula.
Kusitshelani lokhu? Sidinga ukwenza ucwaningo oluningi kuleyo ndawo ye-Mars. Lokhu okutholakele ngingaThuthukisa umsebenzi omusha wesayithi eSouth Pole on Mars. IRover eseNingizimu Pole of Mars ingasisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukuziphatha kwamanzi esifundeni nokuthi kuwusizo kanjani kubantu esikhathini esizayo.
Ucwaningo ngamanzi ku-Mars
Namuhla, iMars iyihlane eliyiqhwa. Kepha ama-deltas omile namabhange kukhombisa ukuthi esikhathini esedlule, amanzi ayegeleza anqamule ebusweni bale planethi ebomvu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi bezama ukuthola ukuthi amanzi akuphi ku-Mars, benethemba lokuqonda ukuthi iplanethi ebomvu yaba kanjani indawo eyomile, kuyilapho umakhelwane wayo, uMhlaba, yonga imithombo yamanzi futhi yaba yipharadesi eliphilayo.
Manje, ngokwethula ukubonwa kwale planethi kube yimodeli entsha, iqembu lezazi zokwakheka komhlaba kanye nososayensi basemkhathini likhiqize isithombe esisha sangaphambilini seMars: iningi lamanzi aqukethwe kule planethi angavaleleka kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambilini lukhombisile ukuthi lapho imisebe yelanga idonsa amanzi kwiMars asemkhathini, iningi lamanzi akwiMars abalekela emkhathini. Kepha lolu cwaningo olusha luphetha ngokuthi amanzi aseMars ahlupheke kokubili ukuvuza komkhathi nokubanjwa komhlaba. Ngokuya ngenani lamanzi aqala ngalo, imodeli entsha ilinganisela lokho phakathi kuka-30% no-99% kuhlanganiswe kumaminerali avela kuqweqwe lomhlabangenkathi abanye bebalekela emkhathini. Lokhu kubanzi futhi kungenzeka kufake phakathi izinqubo ezimbili, ngakho-ke iqiniso lingaphakathi kwalolu hlu.
Uma imodeli entsha inembile, umlando wobusha eMhlabeni kuzofanela ubhalwe kabusha. Kukholakala ukuthi wonke amanzi abhajwe koqweqwe lweMars namuhla kusho ukuthi lapho isencane, kwakukhona amanzi amaningi ebusweni beMars kunamamodeli wangaphambilini abalinganiselwa, nokuthi izikhathi zasendulo zingaba zinhle kakhulu kunalokho okwaziwayo ngaphambili. wempilo yamagciwane. Umkhathi omncane we-Mars uvimbela ukuba khona kwamanzi oketshezi ebusweni beplanethi ebomvu. Kodwa amanzi angahlala ewuketshezi ngaphansi komhlaba.
Imisele emhlophe
Kunobufakazi bokuthi kunamanzi anosawoti kwiMars, futhi lolu ketshezi luyimbangela yemisele emide etholakala emithambekeni yemigodi ngesikhathi sonyaka oshisayo kakhulu eMars. Yini enye, amanzi angamanzi angaphansi kobuso ahlinzeka ngemvelo efaneleke kakhudlwana yokuphila kulo mhlaba. Imiphumela iveze ubufakazi kasawoti onamanzi ezindaweni ezifika ezine. Ngakho-ke, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umsele omncane oqondile, ongamamitha ayi-5 ububanzi futhi ofundwe iminyaka eminingi, kungenxa yomsebenzi wamanzi anosawoti.
Imisinga yolayini engaqondakali ivela njalo ehlobo laseMartian, kubonakala sengathi yehla emithambekeni yamaphakathi nobubanzi eningizimu yezwe. Lapho kufika amakhaza, le misinga eqondile noma imisele iyanyamalala. Iqiniso lokuthi imininingwane manje iqinisekisa ukuthi le mifula ayigcinwa unyaka wonke kukhombisa ukuthi amanzi angamanzi ageleza ehla amagquma nemithambeka ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa. Lapho kufika isikhathi esibandayo ziyanyamalala.
Ngenxa yedatha ye-spectrometric evela ku-CRISM, iqembu lososayensi abavela eGeorgia Institute of Technology (USA) liqinisekisile ukuba khona kosawoti abane-hydrated njengama-perchlorates nama-chlorates, atholakala kakhulu kule planethi (kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10.000 ngaphezu koMhlaba). Manje yehlisa iphuzu lokubanda lamanzi lisuke ku-0ºC liye ku -70ºC, isimo lapho ungathola khona amanzi angamanzi.
Izimo zempilo
Ngisho nayo yonke into etholakele, Ubuso beplanethi ebomvu bunezimo zemvelo ezinobutha empilweni. Ikakhulukazi, lezi zimo zisungulwa inani lemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Kodwa-ke, le mininingwane yokuba khona kwamanzi oketshezi engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yenza ukuthi ukuhlala kube lula ngokwengeziwe ngaphansi kombuso waseMartian, okuyilapho kufanele kugxilwe khona imizamo yokucinga impilo esikhathini esizayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamanzi e-Mars nakho konke okwaziwayo ngawo.