Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamandla esizaziyo emkhakheni wefiziksi sinawo amandla relativistic. Kumayelana nalawo mandla azalwa ngesamba samandla e-kinetic ento lapho amandla ayo aphumule. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lwaziwa ngokuthi amandla angaphakathi. Amandla e-Relativistic abaluleke kakhulu ku-physics.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici, ukubaluleka nokunye okuningi mayelana namandla e-relativistic.
Kuyini amandla relativistic
Amandla e-relativistic ezinhlayiyana achazwa njengesamba samandla ayo e-kinetic nawokuphumula. Ku-physics, amandla e-relativistic ayimpahla yawo wonke amasistimu aphathekayo (amakhulu noma cha). Inani layo liyakhuphuka lapho inqubo ethile idlulisela amandla kuyo, ishintshela ku-zero lapho uhlelo lunyamalala noma lucekelwa phansi. Ngakho-ke, ngohlelo olunikeziwe lwereferensi ye-inertial, inani layo lizoncika esimweni sesistimu yomzimba, futhi lizohlala lingashintshile uma uhlelo olushiwo luhlukaniswa.
Lapho u-Albert Einstein, ethathwa njengochwepheshe besayensi yemvelo omkhulu kunabo bonke, okokuqala ethola ifomula yakhe edumile ethi Energy=mc2, wayengazi ukuthi wayezosebenzisa kangakanani imibono yakhe yokuhlobana okukhethekile nokujwayelekile ukuze adwebe inkambo yomlando.
Lapho kubalwa isivinini, ibanga elihanjiwe kufanele lihlukaniswe nesikhathi esidingekayo sokuhamba. Le fomula inezici ezimbili okudingeka zishintshwe: isikhala nesikhathi, ngoba ijubane lokukhanya lihlala lifana.
Khumbula ukuthi amandla ayimpahla yezinto ezivumela ukuthi zenze umsebenzi. Kuleyo nqubo, singadlulisela amandla entweni, siyibangele ukuthi inyakaze. IMisa nayo ihlobene eduze nokunyakaza. Kodwa futhi kuhlobene ne-inertia, isimo sokumelana nokunyakaza, izinto ezinzima kakhulu, noma ukunyakaza esingakwazi ukukunciphisa noma ukukumisa njengoba zithola isivinini esikhulu.
I-Misa ibe yisilinganiso se-inertia eboniswa yinto.. Izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu kunzima ukusheshisa nokubhuleka. Amandla nesisindo ku-equation kuyalingana. Ezinye izazi zefiziksi zibheka ubuningi njengohlobo lwamandla futhi azenzi ihaba. Singaguqula inani elikhulu lesisindo libe amandla futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuningi bamanye ama-athomu bungaguqulwa bube amandla ukuze busebenzise isiphehli senuzi, noma buguqulelwe kwezinye izinto ezifana nempi, budedele amandla amakhulu acekela phansi yonke into ewazungezile.
Izici eziyinhloko
Amandla e-relativistic axhumene nesisindo sento. Ngokusho kwethiyori ye-relativity, ubukhulu bento buyanda njengoba kusondela ijubane lokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, lapho ephakama amandla e-relativistic ento, kulapho isisindo sayo sikhulu. Lobu budlelwano phakathi kwamandla nesisindo bubalulekile ekuqondeni i-subatomic particle physics kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwezinkanyezi nama-reactors enuzi.
Amandla e-Relativistic nawo anempahla eyingqayizivele angeke abhujiswe noma adalwe, kodwa angaguqulwa kuphela kusuka kwesinye isimo kuya kwesinye. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi umgomo wokongiwa kwamandla. Kunoma iyiphi inqubo ngokomzimba, amandla ingqikithi, okuyinto kuhlanganisa kokubili amandla e-relativistic nezinye izinhlobo zamandla, ahlala engashintshi. Lesi sici sibalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-nuclear kanye nebhalansi yamandla endaweni yonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwamandla ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuchazeni izenzakalo ezifana nemisebe ye-electromagnetic namagagasi adonsela phansi. Lezi zigigaba zingamagagasi wamandla asakazeka ngesikhathi sasemkhathini, futhi ukuziphatha kwawo nezici kungachazwa kangcono kusetshenziswa imiqondo yamandla ahlobene.
Amandla e-relativistic asebenza kanjani
IMisa namandla kuhlobene eduze, nobudlelwano obulinganayo obuchazwe isazi sefiziksi saseJalimane u-Albert Einstein emcabangweni wakhe wokuhlobana okukhethekile. Ngamanye amazwi, inani elincane lesisindo lilingana nenani elikhulu lamandla. Amandla e-relativistic awapheli lapho izinto zihamba ngesivinini eduze nesivinini sokukhanya.
Ngakho-ke, iba nkulu ngokungenamkhawulo, futhi akukho mandla angayisheshisa, ngakho ijubane lokukhanya liwumkhawulo ongenakunqotshwa ngokomzimba. Uma sikhumbula ukuthi isisindo sichazwa njengobudlelwane phakathi kwamandla nokusheshisa, siyaqonda ukuthi ubukhulu buyisilinganiso sokuthi into ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani.
Nokho, lokhu Akufanele nakancane isenze sicabange ukuthi uma sihamba eduze nejubane lokukhanya, sizobona ubuningi benqwaba. Akulungile ukucabanga ukuthi yonke inqwaba yomzimba iguqulwa ibe amandla noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Okusho ukuthi, inani elikhulu lamandla lingaguqulwa libe yinqwaba.
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abalobi abaningi namuhla babonisa ukuthi kungcono ukungasebenzisi izichasiso zokuhlobana, kodwa izichasiso zamandla aphelele kanye nesisindo esingaguquki, ukugcizelela ukuthi inani le-m0 lifana kunoma yiluphi uhlelo, kanye ne-E. (amandla)) kuzoncika ohlelweni olukhethiwe.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isivinini namandla ama-vector magnitudes. Uma sisebenzisa amandla entweni ehamba ohlangothini olufanayo lokunyakaza ngesivinini esiseduze nesivinini sokukhanya, ubukhulu buzovumelana. Kodwa-ke, uma sisebenzisa lawo mandla ahambisana nokunyakaza, into ebizwa ngokuthi i-Lorentz factor izoba ngu-1, njengoba isivinini kuleso sici sizoba ngu-zero. Khona-ke sizobona ikhwalithi ehluke kakhulu.
Kungaphethwa ngokuthi ubuningi bungashintsha, kodwa hhayi kuphela ngokuya ngesivinini, kodwa futhi nangesiqondiso lapho amandla asetshenziswa khona. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kucabanga kubeka ngokuphelele ukuthi isisindo relativistic umqondo wangempela ngokomzimba.
igcinwa kanjani
I-athomu ngayinye iyindilinga encane egcwele amandla, futhi ingaguqula namandla abe yizinhlayiya zokukhanya (okuthiwa ama-photon) abe yindaba. Ngakho-ke, iyasebenza futhi isetshenziswa kahle, inikeza isisombululo esihle sezidingo zamandla omuntu.
Ngokugcina, ukuguqulwa kwamandla enuzi abe ngugesi kungenziwa ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlukanisa nokuhlanganisa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, u-Einstein uthathwa njengoyise we-nuclear physics.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nohlu lwamandla kanye nezici zalo.