Kulezi zinsuku emphakathini wanamuhla, noma ngabe uyazi kakhulu imvelo nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu noma cha, cishe wonke umuntu ubona kugawulwa izihlahla nokucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi njengoba isici esibalulekile esinikela emiphumeleni ekhulayo yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kuyacatshangelwa futhi ukuthi ukongiwa nokusetshenziswa kwamahlathi asezingeni lomhlaba kuzosiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, noma okungenani ukumunceka kwawo kangcono emkhathini.
Isivumelwano SaseParis, Yamukelwa amaqembu ayi-195 kwi-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule, kwaba yisisekelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokubona ukuthi amahlathi abalulekile ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Amahlathi asimeme asisiza kanjani ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu?
Carbon uyacwila
Amahlathi emhlabeni wonke asebenza njengosinki bakakhabhoni. "Bayasisebenzela" ukugcina amagesi abamba ukushisa ku-biomass yakho, udoti kanye nenhlabathi. Igalelo lamahlathi ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu liyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugawulwa kwezihlahla nokucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi esiwenzayo ngemisebenzi yethu yezomnotho kubhekele phakathi kuka-10% no-12% wakho konke ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa umoya. Lokho wukuthi, kanye nezolimo, ziyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yokushisa komhlaba.
Ngamanye amagama, amahlathi angasisiza ukuthi simunce futhi sigcine isikhutha esiningi emoyeni, kepha lapho izihlahla zifa, zikhipha i-CO2 ejoyina konke ukukhishwa Amazwe anjengeCongo, iGabon, i-Indonesia, iKenya, iMalaysia, iMexico neSouth Korea azibophezele ekwehliseni ukungcola ngaphezu kwama-25% wamazinga ejwayelekile emisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kuka-70% walezi zifungo zokuzithandela zifaka phakathi izenzo eziphathelene namahlathi nokunakekelwa kwazo okufanele.
Ukuphathwa kahle kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ososayensi bathi ukuphathwa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza nokunakekelwa okuhle kwamahlathi nakho konke ukuvikela amahlathi kungasiza kakhulu ekulweni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, ukunikeza idatha ukukusiza uthole umbono, izithombo zezihlahla eziyi-123 zikhule iminyaka eyi-10 bangaklwebha ikhabhoni ekhishwe unyaka wokushayela imoto.
Isu lokukwazi ukwamukela izinhlelo zentuthuko esimeme ezindabeni zehlathi libaluleke kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka, ngoba inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi kwenzeka eningizimu yezwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlahla zigawulwa ukuze kuvuleke indawo yezolimo. Ngamanye amagama, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze ukwazi ukudla. Ngezolimo, amazwe athuthukile angathola imali epulazini.
Isibonelo salokhu ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni njengophethiloli. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yemindeni emhlabeni wonke iyisebenzisela ukupheka ukudla, kanti abanye abantu abayizigidi ezingama-764 bayisebenzisela ukubilisa nokuhlanza amanzi.
Izindlela zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni
Cishe ama-75% wamathani we-CO2 ezikhishelwa emoyeni ngokusika izihlahla ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukhuni, zivela ekuphekeni ukudla. Amakhishi anamuhla futhi athuthukisiwe ashisa izinkuni ezimbalwa, okusiza ukukhipha i-CO2 encane emkhathini. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisa ukushisa emoyeni emkhathini, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika nasezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseLatin America.
Kusobala ukuthi isihluthulelo sokwehlisa ukungcola ukusimama nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje obusiza ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol kusuka ku-biomass okhuni. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinkuni njengezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza. Sisho imvelo kusukela ngokungazishisi zilondoloza ikhabhoni egcinwe ngaphakathi.