Impela ngesinye isikhathi empilweni yakho uke wavakasha emgedeni. Imihume iyindawo enhle, ekhangayo futhi eyingqayizivele emhlabeni lapho sine-ecosystem yendawo. Emihumeni singakwazi ukwazisa ukwakheka okuthile kwemvelo okuhlaba umxhwele ngobuhle nangokuhluka kwabo. Lezi zakhiwo zibizwa ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites. Abantu abaningi babheka lezi zakhiwo zokwakheka komhlaba njengemisebenzi yangempela yobuciko bemvelo. Kuyinto okufanele uyazi uma ungakaze uyibone phambilini, izokumangaza nakanjani.
Kepha ihluke kanjani i-stalactites ne-stalagmites? Zakhiwa kanjani? Yonke le mibuzo sizoyiphendula kuyo yonke le ndatshana.
Yini ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites
Yize inamagama afanayo, kukhona umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwabo. Ukwakheka nokwakheka kwayo kwehlukile. Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites anento eyodwa afana ngayo: zingama-speleotomes. Lo mqondo ubhekise eqinisweni lokuthi zingamadiphozi amaminerali akhiwa emihumeni ngemuva kokwakheka kwawo. Ama-speleotomes aqhamuka ngenxa yemvula yamakhemikhali evela ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izakhi eziqinile ezivela kusixazululo.
Kokubili ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites avela kuma-calcium carbonate deposits. Lezi zakhiwo zenzeka emihumeni yama-limestone. Akusho ukuthi akunjalo lapho kungakheka kwezinye izimbotshana zokwenziwa noma ze-anthropic codabuka kwamanye amadiphozithi ahlukene.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka ezimbili indawo. Ngayinye inenqubo ehlukile yokwakheka kunenye futhi, ngakho-ke, indawo yayo ngaphakathi komhume nayo iyashintsha. Lokhu sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe, sichaze ukuthi yini ngayinye.
Ama-Stalactites
Siqala ngokwakhiwa okuvela ophahleni. Ukukhula kwayo kuqala phezulu komhume kuye ezansi. Ukuqala kwe-stalactite iconsi lamanzi amaminerali. Njengoba amaconsi ewa, ashiya imikhondo ye-calcite ngemuva. I-calcite iyiminerali eyakhiwe nge-calcium carbonate, yingakho iqhuma lapho ihlangana namanzi. Eminyakeni edlule, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaconsi alandelana ngamaminerali, i-calcite eyengeziwe ifakwa futhi iqoqane.
Uma lokhu kugcwele, siyabona ukuthi kukhula kukhulu futhi kuthathe ubujamo obuhlukile. Isimo esivame kakhulu ukwakheka kwesigaxa. Okuvame kakhulu ukubona inani elikhulu lama-calcite cones ngamanzi ancipha ophahleni. Ubukhulu bama-cone buxhomeke enanini lamaconsi amanzi abelokhu ejikeleza kuleyo ndawo nesikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwamaconsi bekuhudula i-calcite.
Kungashiwo ukuthi ama-stalactites ayizinhlobo zamadwala ezenziwe kusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Maphakathi ne-stalactite, kunomsele lapho amanzi amaminerali aqhubeka nokujikeleza khona. Yilesi sizathu esibahlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokwakheka komhlaba ezinokubukeka okufanayo.
Ama-Stalagmites
Manje siqhubeka nokuchaza ama-stalagmites. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyizakhiwo ezivela emhlabeni zikhule ngendlela ekhuphukayo. Njengangaphambilini, ama-stalagmites aqala ukwakheka ngethonsi elenziwe ngamaminerali nge-calcite. Lawa amathonsi awayo aqoqana ama-calcite deposit ngokulandelana. Ukwakheka lapha kungahluka kakhulu njengoba kungenawo umzila ophakathi njengama-stalactites lapho amaconsi amanzi ajikeleza khona ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.
Umehluko owodwa ukuthi zikhulu kakhulu kune-stalactites. Ngenxa yenqubo yokwakheka, ama-stalagmites anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu kunesimo sesigaxa. Kuyinsakavukela ukubona ezinye zinezindlela ezingajwayelekile. Izimo ezijwayeleke kakhulu yilezo zimo eziqondile eziyizigaxa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-macaroni. Okunye ukwakheka okuvamile ama-conulitos (anesakhiwo esifana nomgodi obaliwe), amaparele (anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu) nokunye okunye.
Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites ngokuvamile abhekene. Kuvamile ukubona i-stalactite ngenhla futhi ngokungafani nayo kuyi-stalagmite. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaconsi aqhamuka ku-stalactite anemikhondo ye-calcite ebekwe phansi ukwakha i-stalagmite.
Ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites akhiwa kanjani
Sizohlaziya inqubo yokwakheka kwalezi zimali zombili. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, akhiwa inqubo yemvula yamakhemikhali. Lawa amaminerali ancibilikisayo ancibilikiswa emanzini. Lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa ngoba i-CO2 encibilika emanzini emvula yakha i-calcium carbonate lapho ihlangana nedwala le-limestone. Ngokuya ngombuso wemvula kanye nezinga lokungena kwamanzi, lezi zakhiwo zizovela kungekudala noma kamuva.
Amanzi emvula angena emhlabathini aqede itshe le- limestone. Ngenxa yalokho, lawa maconsi enza ukwakheka kwale mali. ICalcium bicarbonate incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi yilokho okwakhiwa ngemuva kokuthintana ne-CO2 elethwa amanzi emvula. Le bicarbonate ikhiqiza indawo lapho i-CO2 iphunyuka khona okuthi uma isabela, ingene ngesimo se-calcium carbonate.
I-calcium carbonate iqala ukusungula ukuhlangana okuthile lapho kuzokwehla khona ukwehla. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kuma-stalactites, njengoba amaconsi ewa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi abaphoqa ukuthi bawele phansi. Ngakho-ke, amaconsi agcina echithekele phansi.
Ungazibona kuphi lezi zakhiwo
Ngokuqinisekile uzothatheka uma ungakaze ubone lezi zakhiwo ngaphambili (okungezona ezivamile kakhulu). Kodwa-ke, sizokutshela izindawo lapho ungathola khona ukwakheka okukhulu kwe-stalactite ne-stalagmite.
Ukuba ukwakheka okuhamba kancane kakhulu, ukuze zikhule ngo-2,5 cm ubude kuphela, kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-4.000 kuya kwengu-5.000 XNUMX. I-stalactite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingatholakala emigedeni yaseNerja, etholakala esifundazweni saseMalaga. Ingamamitha angama-60 ukuphakama namamitha ayi-18 ububanzi. Ukuze yakhe ngokuphelele kuthathe iminyaka engama-450.000.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-stalagmite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingamamitha angama-67 ukuphakama futhi singayithola emhumeni waseMartín Infierno, eCuba.
Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi luye lwakhulisa ilukuluku lakho mayelana nama-stalactites nama-stalagmites.