Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites

Impela ngesinye isikhathi empilweni yakho uke wavakasha emgedeni.  Imihume iyindawo enhle, ekhangayo futhi eyingqayizivele emhlabeni lapho sine-ecosystem yendawo.  Emihumeni singakwazi ukwazisa ukwakheka okuthile kwemvelo okuhlaba umxhwele ngobuhle nangokuhluka kwabo.  Lezi zakhiwo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites.  Abantu abaningi babheka lezi zakhiwo ze-geological njengemisebenzi yangempela yobuciko bemvelo.  Kuyinto okufanele uyazi uma ungakaze uyibone phambilini, izokumangaza nakanjani.  Kepha ihluke kanjani i-stalactites ne-stalagmites?  Zakhiwa kanjani?  Yonke le mibuzo sizoyiphendula kuyo yonke le ndatshana.  Yini ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites? Yize enamagama afanayo, kukhona umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwawo.  Ukwakheka nokwakheka kwayo kwehlukile.  Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites anento eyodwa afana ngayo: angama-speleotomes.  Lo mqondo ubhekise eqinisweni lokuthi zingamadiphozi amaminerali akhiwa emihumeni ngemuva kokwakheka kwawo.  Ama-speleotomes aqhamuka ngenxa yemvula yamakhemikhali evela ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izakhi eziqinile ezivela kusixazululo.  Kokubili ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites avela kuma-calcium carbonate deposits.  Lezi zakhiwo zenzeka emihumeni yama-limestone.  Akusho ukuthi akunjalo lapho kungakhiwa kwezinye izimbotshana zokufakelwa noma ze-anthropic ezivela kwamanye amadiphozi ahlukahlukene.  Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka ezimbili indawo.  Ngayinye inenqubo ehlukile yokwakheka kunenye futhi, ngakho-ke, indawo yayo ngaphakathi komhume nayo iyashintsha.  Ake sikubhekisise lokhu, sichaze ukuthi yini ngayinye.  Ama-Stalactites Siqala ngokwakhiwa okuvela ophahleni.  Ukukhula kwayo kuqala phezulu komhume kuye ezansi.  Ukuqala kwe-stalactite iconsi lamanzi amaminerali.  Njengoba amaconsi ewa, ashiya imikhondo ye-calcite ngemuva.  I-calcite iyiminerali eyakhiwe nge-calcium carbonate, ngakho-ke iqhuma lapho ihlangana namanzi.  Eminyakeni edlule, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaconsi alandelana ngamaminerali, i-calcite eyengeziwe ifakwa futhi iqoqane.  Uma lokhu kugcwele, siyabona ukuthi kukhula kukhulu futhi kuthathe ubujamo obuhlukile.  Isimo esivame kakhulu ukwakheka kwesigaxa.  Okuvame kakhulu ukubona inani elikhulu lama-calcite cones ngamanzi ancipha ophahleni.  Ubukhulu bama-cone buxhomeke enanini lamaconsi amanzi abelokhu ejikeleza kuleyo ndawo nesikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwamaconsi bekuhudula i-calcite.  Kungashiwo ukuthi ama-stalactites ayizinhlobo zamadwala ezenziwe kusuka phezulu kuye phansi.  Maphakathi ne-stalactite, kunomsele lapho amanzi amaminerali aqhubeka nokujikeleza khona.  Yilesi sizathu esibahlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokwakheka komhlaba ezinokubukeka okufanayo.  Ama-stalagmites Manje siqhubeka nokuchaza ama-stalagmites.  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyizakhiwo ezivela emhlabeni zikhule ziye phezulu.  Njengalezi ezedlule, ama-stalagmites aqala ukwakheka ngethonsi elenziwe ngamaminerali nge-calcite.  Lawa amathonsi awayo aqoqana ama-calcite deposit ngokulandelana.  Ukwakheka lapha kungahluka kakhulu njengoba kungenawo umzila ophakathi njengama-stalactites lapho amathonsi amanzi ajikeleza khona ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.  Umehluko owodwa ukuthi zikhulu kakhulu kunama-stalactites.  Ngenxa yenqubo yokwakheka, ama-stalagmites anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu kunesimo sesigaxa.  Kuyinsakavukela ukubona ezinye zinezindlela ezingajwayelekile.  Izimo ezijwayeleke kakhulu yilezo zimo eziqondile eziyizigaxa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-macaroni.  Okunye ukwakheka okuvamile ama-conulitos (anesakhiwo esifana nomgodi obaliwe), amaparele (anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu) nokunye okunye.  Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites ngokuvamile abhekene.  Kuvamile ukubona i-stalactite ngenhla futhi ngokungafani nayo kuyi-stalagmite.  Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaconsi aqhamuka ku-stalactite anezinsalela ze-calcite ezibekwe phansi ukwakha i-stalagmite.  Kwakhiwa kanjani ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites Sizohlaziya inqubo yokwakheka kwawo womabili amadiphozithi.  Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, akhiwa inqubo yemvula yamakhemikhali.  Lawa amaminerali ancibilikisayo ancibilikiswa emanzini.  Lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa ngoba i-CO2 encibilika emanzini emvula yakha i-calcium carbonate lapho ihlangana nedwala le-limestone.  Ngokuya ngombuso wemvula kanye nezinga lokungena kwamanzi, lezi zakhiwo zizovela kungekudala noma kamuva.  Amanzi emvula angena emhlabathini aqede itshe le- limestone.  Ngenxa yalokhu, la mathonsi enza ukwakheka kwalawa madiphozi.  ICalcium bicarbonate incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi yilokho okwakhiwa ngemuva kokuthintana ne-CO2 elethwa amanzi emvula.  Le bicarbonate ikhiqiza indawo lapho i-CO2 iphunyuka khona okuthi uma isabela, ingene ngesimo se-calcium carbonate.  I-calcium carbonate iqala ukusungula ukuhlangana okuthile lapho kuzokwehla khona ukwehla.  Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kuma-stalactites, njengoba amaconsi ewa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi abaphoqa ukuthi bawele phansi.  Ngakho-ke, amaconsi agcina echithekela phansi.  Ungazibona kuphi lezi zakhiwo Ngokuqinisekile uzothatheka uma ungakaze uzibone lezi zakhiwo ngaphambili (okungezona ezivame kakhulu).  Kodwa-ke, sizokutshela izindawo lapho ungathola khona ukwakheka okukhulu kwe-stalactite ne-stalagmite.  Ukuba ukwakheka okuhamba kancane, ukuze zikhule kuphela u-2,5 cm ubude, kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-4.000 noma engu-5.000.  I-stalactite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingatholakala emigedeni yaseNerja, etholakala esifundazweni saseMalaga.  Ingamamitha angama-60 ukuphakama namamitha ayi-18 ububanzi.  Ukuze yakhe ngokuphelele kuthathe iminyaka engama-450.000.  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-stalagmite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingamamitha angama-67 ukuphakama futhi singayithola emhumeni waseMartín Infierno, eCuba.

Impela ngesinye isikhathi empilweni yakho uke wavakasha emgedeni. Imihume iyindawo enhle, ekhangayo futhi eyingqayizivele emhlabeni lapho sine-ecosystem yendawo. Emihumeni singakwazi ukwazisa ukwakheka okuthile kwemvelo okuhlaba umxhwele ngobuhle nangokuhluka kwabo. Lezi zakhiwo zibizwa ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites. Abantu abaningi babheka lezi zakhiwo zokwakheka komhlaba njengemisebenzi yangempela yobuciko bemvelo. Kuyinto okufanele uyazi uma ungakaze uyibone phambilini, izokumangaza nakanjani.

Kepha ihluke kanjani i-stalactites ne-stalagmites? Zakhiwa kanjani? Yonke le mibuzo sizoyiphendula kuyo yonke le ndatshana.

Yini ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites

Imihume yelitje lelitje

Yize inamagama afanayo, kukhona umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwabo. Ukwakheka nokwakheka kwayo kwehlukile. Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites anento eyodwa afana ngayo: zingama-speleotomes. Lo mqondo ubhekise eqinisweni lokuthi zingamadiphozi amaminerali akhiwa emihumeni ngemuva kokwakheka kwawo. Ama-speleotomes aqhamuka ngenxa yemvula yamakhemikhali evela ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izakhi eziqinile ezivela kusixazululo.

Kokubili ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites avela kuma-calcium carbonate deposits. Lezi zakhiwo zenzeka emihumeni yama-limestone. Akusho ukuthi akunjalo lapho kungakheka kwezinye izimbotshana zokwenziwa noma ze-anthropic codabuka kwamanye amadiphozithi ahlukene.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlaka ezimbili indawo. Ngayinye inenqubo ehlukile yokwakheka kunenye futhi, ngakho-ke, indawo yayo ngaphakathi komhume nayo iyashintsha. Lokhu sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe, sichaze ukuthi yini ngayinye.

Ama-Stalactites

I-Stalactite

Siqala ngokwakhiwa okuvela ophahleni. Ukukhula kwayo kuqala phezulu komhume kuye ezansi. Ukuqala kwe-stalactite iconsi lamanzi amaminerali. Njengoba amaconsi ewa, ashiya imikhondo ye-calcite ngemuva. I-calcite iyiminerali eyakhiwe nge-calcium carbonate, yingakho iqhuma lapho ihlangana namanzi. Eminyakeni edlule, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaconsi alandelana ngamaminerali, i-calcite eyengeziwe ifakwa futhi iqoqane.

Uma lokhu kugcwele, siyabona ukuthi kukhula kukhulu futhi kuthathe ubujamo obuhlukile. Isimo esivame kakhulu ukwakheka kwesigaxa. Okuvame kakhulu ukubona inani elikhulu lama-calcite cones ngamanzi ancipha ophahleni. Ubukhulu bama-cone buxhomeke enanini lamaconsi amanzi abelokhu ejikeleza kuleyo ndawo nesikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwamaconsi bekuhudula i-calcite.

Kungashiwo ukuthi ama-stalactites ayizinhlobo zamadwala ezenziwe kusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Maphakathi ne-stalactite, kunomsele lapho amanzi amaminerali aqhubeka nokujikeleza khona. Yilesi sizathu esibahlukanisa nezinye izindlela zokwakheka komhlaba ezinokubukeka okufanayo.

Ama-Stalagmites

I-Stalagmite

Manje siqhubeka nokuchaza ama-stalagmites. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyizakhiwo ezivela emhlabeni zikhule ngendlela ekhuphukayo. Njengangaphambilini, ama-stalagmites aqala ukwakheka ngethonsi elenziwe ngamaminerali nge-calcite. Lawa amathonsi awayo aqoqana ama-calcite deposit ngokulandelana. Ukwakheka lapha kungahluka kakhulu njengoba kungenawo umzila ophakathi njengama-stalactites lapho amaconsi amanzi ajikeleza khona ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi.

Umehluko owodwa ukuthi zikhulu kakhulu kune-stalactites. Ngenxa yenqubo yokwakheka, ama-stalagmites anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu kunesimo sesigaxa. Kuyinsakavukela ukubona ezinye zinezindlela ezingajwayelekile. Izimo ezijwayeleke kakhulu yilezo zimo eziqondile eziyizigaxa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-macaroni. Okunye ukwakheka okuvamile ama-conulitos (anesakhiwo esifana nomgodi obaliwe), amaparele (anomumo oyindilinga ngaphezulu) nokunye okunye.

Ama-Stalactites nama-stalagmites ngokuvamile abhekene. Kuvamile ukubona i-stalactite ngenhla futhi ngokungafani nayo kuyi-stalagmite. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaconsi aqhamuka ku-stalactite anemikhondo ye-calcite ebekwe phansi ukwakha i-stalagmite.

Ama-stalactites nama-stalagmites akhiwa kanjani

Speleogenesis

Sizohlaziya inqubo yokwakheka kwalezi zimali zombili. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, akhiwa inqubo yemvula yamakhemikhali. Lawa amaminerali ancibilikisayo ancibilikiswa emanzini. Lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa ngoba i-CO2 encibilika emanzini emvula yakha i-calcium carbonate lapho ihlangana nedwala le-limestone. Ngokuya ngombuso wemvula kanye nezinga lokungena kwamanzi, lezi zakhiwo zizovela kungekudala noma kamuva.

Amanzi emvula angena emhlabathini aqede itshe le- limestone. Ngenxa yalokho, lawa maconsi enza ukwakheka kwale mali. ICalcium bicarbonate incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi yilokho okwakhiwa ngemuva kokuthintana ne-CO2 elethwa amanzi emvula. Le bicarbonate ikhiqiza indawo lapho i-CO2 iphunyuka khona okuthi uma isabela, ingene ngesimo se-calcium carbonate.

I-calcium carbonate iqala ukusungula ukuhlangana okuthile lapho kuzokwehla khona ukwehla. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kuma-stalactites, njengoba amaconsi ewa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi abaphoqa ukuthi bawele phansi. Ngakho-ke, amaconsi agcina echithekele phansi.

Ungazibona kuphi lezi zakhiwo

Ngokuqinisekile uzothatheka uma ungakaze ubone lezi zakhiwo ngaphambili (okungezona ezivamile kakhulu). Kodwa-ke, sizokutshela izindawo lapho ungathola khona ukwakheka okukhulu kwe-stalactite ne-stalagmite.

Ukuba ukwakheka okuhamba kancane kakhulu, ukuze zikhule ngo-2,5 cm ubude kuphela, kuthatha cishe iminyaka engama-4.000 kuya kwengu-5.000 XNUMX. I-stalactite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingatholakala emigedeni yaseNerja, etholakala esifundazweni saseMalaga. Ingamamitha angama-60 ukuphakama namamitha ayi-18 ububanzi. Ukuze yakhe ngokuphelele kuthathe iminyaka engama-450.000.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-stalagmite enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingamamitha angama-67 ukuphakama futhi singayithola emhumeni waseMartín Infierno, eCuba.

Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi luye lwakhulisa ilukuluku lakho mayelana nama-stalactites nama-stalagmites.


Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.