Phakathi kososayensi abakhulu abathuthukise umlando wesayensi kukhona omunye wabo onenhlonipho yonke njengoba engomunye wabantu abadume kunabo bonke. Sikhuluma ngakho I-Georges icuvier. Ungusosayensi onikeze igama lakhe kwi-paleontology kanye ne-anatomy yokuqhathanisa. Izenzo zakhe ziye zanxuswa kakhulu emhlabeni wesayensi futhi seziqhubekele phambili ezindaweni eziningi kusukela ngesikhathi iqala kuze kube manje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okusebenzayo kanye ne-biography kaGeorges Cuvier
Ukuqala kukaGeorges Cuvier
Njengabo bonke ososayensi, le ndoda yaqala. Igama lakhe eligcwele ngu UGeorges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, UBaron de Cuvier, futhi wazalelwa edolobheni laseMontbéliard, eFrance, ngo-Agasti 23, 1769. Kusukela esemncane kakhulu wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu emhlabeni wezemvelo kanye nengqondo enelungelo. Sesivele sazi ukuthi uma sizinikezela entweni esiyithanda ngokweqiniso futhi esiyithandayo singathola izinzuzo ezinkulu nokutholakele sisodwa nangosizo lwabanye.
Le ndoda yayinothando ngemvelo futhi ingezwe ebuhlakani bayo obunelungelo. Ngalesi sizathu, phakathi neminyaka eyadalwa yi-French Revolution, uGeorges Cuvier wazinikezela ekufundeni konke ukwakheka kwezimvukuzane ukuze ajulise ulwazi ayelufuna ngomlando wemvelo nokwakheka kokuqhathanisa. Akazange ahlale phansi ngaphambi kombono ongaka kodwa wayefuna ukusebenzisa umkhuba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngale ndlela, nangothando olukhulu ngalokho akwenzile, ngo-1795 wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi eNatural History Museum eParis.
Lokhu bekusho isinyathelo esikhulu kule ndoda kusukela ukuqashelwa kwayo kwaholela ekutheni ibizwe kamuva njengoNobhala Ohlala Njalo wePhysical and Natural Sciences yeNational Institute. Kulesi sigcinamagugu wakwazi ukufunda ngokujula okukhulu ukwakheka kokuqhathanisa kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuze enze lokhu, kwakudingeka ahlinze izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zezilwane ngenkathi ehlaziya wonke amathambo ukuze athole izimpendulo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo nobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezinhlobo isayensi engakazazi kuze kube manje.
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi indlela yesayensi kulezi zikhathi yayihluke kakhulu kunamuhla. Namuhla sinezizinda ezinkulu ezinolwazi olubalulekile nolunemininingwane ngamakhulu namakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane nezitshalo. Uma kukhulunywa ngokutadisha ngokuthile, sinesikhungo esivele sinezisekelo ezakhiwe. Umsebenzi kaGeorges Cuvier wawubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kwakudingeka akwenze ngamunye ngamunye kufanele ahlinze zonke lezi zilwane ukuze afunde ukwakheka kwazo kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlukaniswa kombuso wezilwane ngokusho kukaGeorges Cuvier
Zonke izifundo ezenziwa nguGeorges Cuvier kuyo yonke inguquko yaseFrance zamvumela ukuthi akwazi ukuhlukanisa umbuso wezilwane ngokwandisa nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lweLinnaean. Ulwazi olutholakele futhi olukhonjisiwe ezifundweni zakhe lungahlukana nomqondo owawuphethwe ngaphambilini wokuthi izilwane zaziyingxenye yomugqa oqhubekayo. Lo mugqa oqhubekayo usuka ezilwaneni ezilula uye kubantu, owokugcina uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Lo sosayensi wahlanganisa umbuso wezilwane ngokwalokho akubona ezifundweni zakhe zokuqhathanisa zokwakheka nezokuziphatha. Ngale ndlela, wahlukanisa umbuso wezilwane waba yizinhlobo ezi-4 ezihlukene: okukhanyayo, okushiwo, ama-mollusks, nama-vertebrate. Lezi zindlela eziyisisekelo yizo ezenze umehluko kulokho okuba yintuthuko yesayensi. Kwakuyisitatimende ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba wesilwane zihlobene komunye nomunye zakha into ehlanganisiwe.
Noma lokhu kubonakala kunengqondo namuhla, UGeorges Cuvier ube ngowokuqala ukukwazi ukuyiphakamisa nokuyichaza ngokwesayensi. Yilo mqondo noma yilowo osiza ukunikeza isisekelo sophenyo lwakamuva lukaDarwinian ukucabanga kangcono ukuvela komhlaba ophilayo.
Umsunguli we paleontology
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uGeorges Cuvier wayenguyise oyisisekelo we-paleontology. Futhi ukuthi idlale indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni le sayensi ngenxa yemigomo yayo mayelana nokuhlangana okukhona phakathi kwesakhiwo nokusebenza komzimba wesilwane. Wakwazi ukwakha kabusha amathambo aphelele ezilwane zasendulo afisa ukuthi angabi nazo zonke izingcezu zawo. Lokhu kufanele kakhulu ngesikhathi itholakale ngaso kusukela, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ngalesi sikhathi kwakungekho mininingwane yolwazi lwezinto eziphilayo.
Wayephethe ukutadisha izinsalela eziningi zemvelo futhi zasebenza ukukhombisa umhlaba wonke ukuthi iplanethi yethu ibigcwele izilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka. Lokhu kwaphawula ingqophamlando emsebenzini wakhe futhi kwenzeka ngo-1812. Ngalo nyaka wethule umphakathi wezesayensi imfuyo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo, into eyayingakaze ibonakale iphelele phambilini. Isirhubuluzi lesi Ngikubiza ngePterodactylus futhi ingesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezaziwa kakhulu ngaphambili emhlabeni. Okungezwe kulokhu kwenziwa isethulo sangaphambilini samathambo endlovu asephelile, asesephelile, asebenze ukuze namuhla uGeorges Cuvier abhekwe njengoyise wokuqala we-paleontology.
Naphezu kokutholwa kwakhe nokuxhaphaza, wayengekho ummeli wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Phakathi kwemibono yakhe wabelana ngayo yenhlekelele. Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi ukuphela kwento yonke okuye kwaba khona kubangelwe yinhlekelele yendawo yonke eyalandelwa inqubo yokwenziwa kwezilwane ezintsha emhlabeni.
Yonke iminikelo eyenziwe ngusosayensi le idale ukuthi abhekwe njengomunye wabahlonishwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wathola imihlobiso eminingi nokuhlonishwa okuvela kubantu besayensi nabepolitiki besikhathi sakhe. Ushone ngoMeyi 13, 1832 eParis ngenxa yekholera. Igama lakhe labhalwa kanye nabanye ososayensi abakhulu bezikhathi ku-Eiffel Tower.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngososayensi uGeorges Cuvier.