Yini i-biome?

Kuzindatshana eziningi nakwimibhalo yezemvelo igama elithi biome liqanjwe, kepha, Yini i-biome?. Kuzwakala sengathi kunento ethinta imvelo, okuthile okuphathelene nokuphila (yingakho isiqalo bio-). Noma kunjalo, ngaphezu kokuhlobene ne-biology kanye nesayensi yemvelo, kungumqondo osetshenziswe ku-climatology.

Ukwazi izici zama-biomes kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umuntu angaqonda khona ukuthi imvelo isebenza kanjani.

Iyini incazelo ye-biome?

IBiome ichazwa njengendawo yezwe, imvamisa isayizi enkulu, lapho kukhona khona amaqembu ezilwane nezitshalo angahlala lapho ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuzivumelanisa nemvelo. Lokho wukuthi, bayakwazi ukuhlala endaweni ebazungezile noma ngabe kunezinguquko ezimweni.

Ukuhlukahluka okunquma indawo yokwabiwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo yisimo sezulu. Izimo ezidalwe yisimo sezulu yilezo ezithanda ukwakheka kohlobo oluthile lomhlabathi. Ngenxa yohlobo lomhlabathi, kungadala izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo, bese kuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zikhule. Ngakho-ke, yisimo sezulu esinquma i-biome.

Izici zeBiome

Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi iyini i-biome, ake sibheke izici zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu. Ngenxa yesenzo somuntu futhi imiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kunezinguquko ezakhiweni zesimo sezulu. Njengoba izinguquko zenzeka esimweni sezulu nasezindaweni ezithile lapho izilwane nezitshalo zikhula khona, zingasongelwa. Izinhlobo eziningi ezihlala kulezi zindawo bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokusinda ezimeni ezintsha nasezimweni ezintshaKepha, ngeshwa, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezinokuguquguquka okufanayo futhi ziyafa.

Ama-biomes athinta kakhulu izici zezindawo zemvelo. Lapho i-biome inenani elikhulu labantu bohlobo oluthile, ingabusa ezinye izinhlobo futhi ibenze balwele ukusinda kwabo. Kodwa-ke, kunalokho, uma ku-biome kunokuncane okuncane kohlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, futhi kunezilwane ezizidinga ukuba zidliwe, into ekhawulelayo enkulu ngokusinda kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Kungakho ama-biomes abeka impilo yezinto eziningi eziphilayo.

Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda nokwazi konke okusemandleni mayelana nalawa ma-biomes ngoba izenzo zabantu zingashintsha ibhalansi yemvelo wezinto eziyibhalayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ku-biome futhi eziningi zazo sinolwazi oluncane ngendlela yazo yokuphila, njll. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuzilondoloza njengalezo esizaziyo futhi siyazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ngoba ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlala kuma-biomes, yize ezinye ziyizidalwa eziphilayo kanti ezinye zincane ngokwedlulele, zincike kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Ukuze i-biome ibonwe kanjalo kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezifanele ukucatshangelwa. Into yokuqala ukuthi isimo sezulu sendawo sihlolwe ngoba akunakubakhona okuguquguqukayo okuningi kakhulu okukuso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusatshalaliswa kokuma kwendawo ethile kuthinta ama-biomes ayiqambayo. Ukuze Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthola uhlobo lokuzijwayeza okungenziwa yisilwane noma isitshalo ukuze uqhubeke uchuma kwi-biome ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezingenzeka kuyo ngenxa yezenzo zomuntu nezemvelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nohlobo ngalunye lwezinto ngoba asibhekiseli kuphela kuzinguquko ezingokomzimba ezingenzeka kepha nezinguquko ekuziphatheni. Lokhu kuziphatha kungafundelwa ukuze wazi izinkomba ezibalulekile zokubona ukuthi umuntu ophilayo uyakwazi kanjani ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko emvelweni.

Izitshalo nezilwane, ngokwehlukana, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ndawonye, ​​zisebenza ukukwazi ukwakha ama-biomes ahlukene akhona emhlabeni. Sithi ahlukene, ngoba izitshalo ziyizinto eziphilayo ezahlukile kunezilwane, ezinokuziphatha okuhluke ngokuphelele nokuma komzimba. Okuhlanganisa lokhu kokubili ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zincike ezilwaneni ukuze zithole impova futhi zisakaze imbewu yazo, kanti izilwane zivame ukuthembela ezitshalweni ukuze zithole ukudla.

Ukubaluleka kwama-biomes

Emphakathini wanamuhla, osusemadolobheni futhi unezimboni, kunzima ukubona ukubaluleka okubalulekile izitshalo ezinakho emhlabeni. Abantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi izitshalo zidlala indima ebaluleke kangaka emhlabeni. Into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenza izitshalo zibaluleke ezimpilweni zethu ukuthi ngaphandle kwabo, impilo yezilwane eMhlabeni ibingafa. Lokho wukuthi, izilwane ezidla imifino azikwazanga ukondla ngakho-ke, izilwane ezidlayo bezingeke zibe nokudla. Leli bhande laliyogqashuka futhi ukusebenza kwemvelo kuzokonakala. Lokho kungasithinta nathi. Lokho wukuthi, sidla izitshalo eziningi ukuthola izakhi zomzimba ukuze zisebenze kahle. Kepha sidla nezilwane, yingakho izitshalo nezilwane zibalulekile empilweni emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zizodwa, eziningi zazo, zingaphila ngaphandle kwezilwane.

Kufanele futhi sisho ukuthi enye yezinto ezibalulekile esizidingayo ukuze siphile sobabili kanye nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo yi-oxygen. Lokhu kukhiqizwa izitshalo, ngakho-ke sinesinye isizathu sokusho ukuthi zibaluleke kakhulu empilweni emhlabeni. Zibonakala ngenye indlela, izitshalo zidinga isikhutha lapho izilwane zikhipha umoya ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-photosynthesize. I-photosynthesis inqubo eyinhloko yazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila kwezitshalo nezilwane futhi, okwethu.

Izici ezinquma ama-biomes

Izici ezimbili ezibalulekile ezinquma izilwane nezitshalo ezihlala kunoma iyiphi i-biome amazinga okushisa nemvula. Ngokuya ngobubanzi bethempelesha namazinga emvula wonyaka akhona ku-biome, inani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphila lapho lizoxhomeka.

Kumele futhi sisho ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinhlobo njengesici sokunquma ku-biome. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo azikwazi ukuhlala ku-biome ethile ngoba ezinye izinhlobo ziyazivimbela. Izikhathi eziningi bancintisana ngokudla futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngensimu.

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, into ebaluleke kakhulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zezulu yisimo sezulu. Kungakho singatholi ama-biomes afana izingwadule namahlathi emvula. Isimo sezulu sinamandla okuphatha ukuthi yini ezophila futhi ikhule kunoma iyiphi i-biome futhi lokhu kungashintsha futhi ngokujikeleza komhlaba, yingakho ezinye izindawo zinezikhathi zemvula futhi kwezinye izikhathi zonyaka ziyashisa futhi zomile .

Kufanele senze i-aphoyintimenti ku izinguquko zemvelo ezenzeka kuma-biomes ezingashintsha ibhalansi yemvelo futhi esingenakukulawula. Sikhuluma ngezinto zemvelo zebanga elingavamile njengeziphepho neziphepho. Lezi zimo zingaziguqula ngokuphelele izimo ze-biome futhi zidale izinguquko esimweni sezulu esingahle sibe nesimo sokuthi izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo ezihlala kuleyo biome azisakwazi ukuphila.

Izinhlobo zebiome ezikhona emhlabeni

Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-biomes akhona. Ngamunye unezici zawo ezihlukile nezikhethekile lokho kubenza bahluke kwabanye. Kukhona nezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezenza umehluko. Ukuze uchaze ukuthi kungani ezinye izinhlobo zihlala endaweni ethile hhayi kwenye, izici nokusebenza kwama-biomes kuphenywa kahle.

Lapho sazi okwengeziwe ngama-biomes, kungcono ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zincike komunye nomunye ukuze zisinde. Phambilini besikhulume ngokulingana kwemvelo. Lokhu esele kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlobo zigcinwe zisesimweni esihle futhi bangafeza umsebenzi wabo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo.

Ngokuhlukanisa ama-biomes ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, singachaza ukuthi kungani izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo zikhona ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba nokuthi kungani zingekho kwezinye. Senza uhlu oluncane lwama-biomes akhona emhlabeni wethu.

Ama-biomes asemhlabeni

Lawa ama-biomes atholakala emhlabeni futhi angahlangene nakancane nolwandle noma izilwandle. Imvamisa, zinenqwaba yezimila yize zinokuhlukahluka okuningi kuye ngesimo sezulu ezitholakala kuso nobubanzi nobude. Okuyaziwa kakhulu yi-tundra, ihlathi, amathafa ogwadule.

Ama-biomes we-tundra. Incazelo

Zibonakala ngamazinga okushisa aphansi ngokweqile nezimo ezinzima kakhulu zokusinda kwezinto eziphilayo. Zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingaphila kulezi zindawo. Bahlanganisa izindawo zaseRussia nase-Arctic. Abantu nabo banobunzima obukhulu bokukwazi ukuhlala kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.

I-Los amahlathi

Zitholakala eendaweni ezishisa khulu kanye neendaweni ezifudumeleko. Babonakala ngenani labo elikhulu lomswakama. Kuzo imvula yaminyaka yonke inala kakhulu futhi kukhona ingcebo enkulu yohlaza.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izinhlobo zamahlathi eSpain

AmaGrasslands

Zinezitshalo eziningi, utshani nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Banesizini eyoma kakhulu neyi-rainier enamazinga okushisa amukelekile futhi azinzile unyaka wonke. Ngenxa yalezi zimo ezizinzile, ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zingaphila kahle kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.

Ugwadule

Kuyinto enhle kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuphambene ne-tundra. Kubonakala ngezimo zayo zezulu ezishisayo zamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemvula encane kakhulu. Kubantu kunengozi enkulu yomlilo ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu, yingakho izindawo eziningi zisha ngenxa yomswakama omncane okhona. Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kulezi zindawo zemvelo zivumelaniswa nokuntuleka kwamanzi futhi zinezindlela zokugcina ukuze zisinde.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ugwadule lwe-Atacama, indawo eyoma kakhulu emhlabeni

Ama-biomes wamanzi ahlanzekile

Lawa ma-biomes abonakala ngoba izinto eziphilayo zihlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Impilo yasemanzini miningi kakhulu futhi nezimo zokuphila zihluke ngokuphelele kulezo zama-biomes asemhlabeni. Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kulezi zindawo zincike eziguquguqukayo eziningi. Ukujula kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa, umbuso wamanzi (okungukuthi, uma ihamba noma imile), njll.

Uma sikhuluma ngama-biomes wamanzi angenasawoti, sithambekele ekucabangeni ngemizimba emikhulu yamanzi eyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane. Kepha akudingeki kube njalo. Ama-biomes wamanzi ahlanzekile amachibi, imifula, imifudlana, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi. Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zihambisana kakhulu nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwazise ziyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi eziyizinkomba zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lapho echibini noma emfuleni sibona izindawo ezigcwele ubulembu, singazi ukuthi kukhona izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini futhi ezidla kuzo ukuze ziphile. Ubunduna yizinkomba zezindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu, ngoba ziyakudinga ukuze ziphile.

Ama-biomes asolwandle

Ama-biomes asolwandle ahluke kakhulu kuma-biomes wamanzi ahlanzekile ngoba anamanzi anosawoti. Phakathi kwabo siyathola izilwandle, izilwandle, imifula kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali. I-marine biome yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izixhobo zamakhorali zithinteka kakhulu yimiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lapho amazinga okushisa olwandle enyuka (njengoba enza manje ngenxa yomphumela okhulayo wokushisa nokushisa komhlaba), izixhobo zamakhorali zihlushwa "yisifo" esibizwa nge-bleaching. Imifula iba mhlophe futhi ilahlekelwe amandla okuzala ize ife. Lapho kufa ama-coral reef, zonke izinhlobo ezihlobene nazo futhi ezincike ekusindeni nazo zithinteka kabi.

Namuhla singafunda ngobudlelwano bezidalwa eziphilayo kula ma-biomes asolwandle ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha (njengamakhamera angaphansi kwamanzi) okusivumela ukuba siqophe olwandle nakho konke okwenzekayo kulo.

Ama-biomes endolytic

Ama-endolithic biomes axoxwa ngochwepheshe uma kwenzeka eba yingxenye yesigaba esihluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunososayensi abaningi abathi bafanelwe ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba okufanele esibanikeza kona. Lolu hlobo lwe-biome lungatholakala kuwo wonke ama-biomes ngoba afaka zonke izinhlobo ze- amafomu okuphila amancane.

Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kula ma-biomes ngokuvamile zenza kanjalo ngaphakathi izimbotshana zamadwala nasezindaweni okunzima kakhulu ukuzibona nokuzikhomba, kepha okuyizinto ezilungisa impilo.

Ama-biomes anthropogenic

Yize ngaso sonke isikhathi sikhuluma ngemvelo, ama-biomes, imvelo, njll. Sikhuluma ngemvelo, izilwane nezitshalo, umuntu kubalulekile ukuyifaka njengoba kuyinto esemqoka ukuthi izimo zishintsha kuma-biomes. Lawa ma-biomes ahlanganisa izindawo eziguqulwe kakhulu ngabantu. Izindawo ezisetshenziselwe i- ezolimo nemfuyo zingama-biomes anthropogenic. Uma kwenziwa izifundo lapho uhlaza lukhula kangcono futhi lukuziphi izindawo, ukutshala kungathuthukiswa kusuka onyakeni kuya komunye futhi kutholakale izinzuzo ezingcono ngezitshalo ezinkulu nezikhiqiza kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngezindawo zeplanethi esizifundayo, singafunda ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ezikhulisiwe nezidayiswayo. Ngokwandisa izimo zemvelo singenza izitshalo zibe ngcono futhi zingabi yingozi kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, uma senza ucwaningo lokuthi iziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula kangcono kuye ngezimo zendawo bese siyitshala, sizothola imiphumela engcono ngomzamo omncane. Isibonelo, ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo eziniselwa ngenkasa njengekotapeya nomango ezindaweni ezinemvula lapho imvula iphansi khona. Uma lezi zithelo zitshalwa ezindaweni ezinemvula futhi ezinomswakama kakhulu, isivuno esingcono sizotholakala ngezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke izinzuzo ezitholakalayo ziyoba zinkulu nemithelela emvelweni ibe ncane (imithelela ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okunisela ezindaweni ezinembalwa imvula yaminyaka yonke).

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi uhlobo lobudlelwano ezinezitshalo esizikhulisayo nezilwane ezizungezile. Ngale ndlela singakwazi ukwazi uhlobo lwebhalansi abanayo futhi sikwazi ukusebenzisa ama-pesticides angaphezulu noma amancane.

Indoda, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nama-biomes

Lapho kukhulunywa ngomuntu, kufanele sisho ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Asinakungabaza ukuthi umuntu uthinte iplanethi yethu ngendlela engafanele. I- Imiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba ziya ngokuya ziyinhlekelele emvelweni. Banyuse izinga lokushisa kwemvelo eminingi ebandayo. Lokhu kubangela izinguquko ebangeni ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphansi ukuze ziphile futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda ezindaweni lapho izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu zingaphila khona.

Ngokutadisha ama-biomes anthropogenic ashiwo ngenhla, ithuba lokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngendlela efanelekile nemvelo lingatholakala ukuze umthelela uba mncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kusivumela nokuthi senze izinqumo ezinhle mayelana nokuthi imisebenzi yethu yezomnotho ingabathinta kanjani abanye abantu abaphilayo.

Kungakho ukwazi ama-biomes eplanethi kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ubudlelwano babo bonke abantu, zombili izilwane nezitshalo, kanye nathi nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezigcwalisa iplanethi yethu.