Ngo-1879, omunye wososayensi abaphambili emhlabeni wazalelwa e-Ulm. Ingabe mayelana Albert Einstein. Ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa u-Isaac Newton wayechaze imithetho elawula ukunyakaza kwemizimba nezinkanyezi. Lokhu kusizile ukuhlanganisa i-physics yasemhlabeni ne-physics yasezulwini. Ngale ndlela kwakwazeka ukwazi ingxenye enkulu yabo bonke omakhenikha kuze kufike emhlabeni wanamuhla. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX kwakukhona izenzakalo ezimbalwa ku-physics ezazingachazwa ngezimfundiso zikaNewton. Ngalesi sizathu, u-Albert Einstein kwakudingeka anqobe konke ukushiyeka kwe-physics kudale umbono omusha: umbono wokuhlobana.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela yonke i-biography nezenzo zika-Albert Einstein nokubaluleka kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo njengesiqalo se-physics yanamuhla.
Umlando ka-Albert Einstein
Imodeli echazayo ka-Albert Einstein isuswe kukho konke ukuqonda. Lokho ukusho ukuthi, lo mbono umake futhi wabonisa ukuqala kwesehlukaniso phakathi kwabantu abavamile nesayensi eqhubeka ngokukhethekile futhi engaqondakali. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe kusaphila le physicist noma ngemuva, izici eziningi zobudlelwano obabumangaza futhi bungaqondakali ngaleso sikhathi ziqinisekisiwe. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza u-Albert Einstein abe ngomunye wososayensi abadume kakhulu nabathandekayo emlandweni wonke wesayensi.
Okugqame kakhulu ngokutholwa kwalo sosayensi ukuthi yonke imibono yakhe ebingacabangeki konke bekuyiqiniso. Enye yazo ngokwesibonelo ukuthi isisindo somzimba sanda ngejubane. Kodwa-ke, lo mlingiswa odumile wayengumfundi omubi ebusheni bakhe. Njengengane wayeyingane ethule futhi ezithandayo futhi wayenokuthuthuka kwengqondo okuhamba kancane. Lapho esemdala, u-Einstein ngokwakhe wathi konke lokhu kuhamba kancane ekudalweni kwakhe ngombono wokuhlobana. Lokho kusho, ngokusho kwakhe, iningi labantu liqala ukubheka izinkinga zesikhala nesikhathi lapho zisencane. Ngenxa yokukhula kwayo kancane, akazange aqale ukubuza umbuzo mayelana nesikhathi sesikhala waze wakhula. Le mibuzo ibingumsuka womqondo wokuhlobana.
Kakade ngo-1894 wonke umndeni wakhe wawunezinkinga zezezimali ezabenza bathuthela eMilan. U-Einstein wasala eMunich ukuze akwazi ukuqeda izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphakeme. Wayenezingane eziningana okwakuthiwa nguHans Albert no-Eduard, abazalwa ngokulandelana ngo-1904 nango-1910. Kamuva u-Einstein wahlukanisa nomlingani wakhe waphinde washada nomzala wakhe u-Elsa.
Umbono wokuhlobana
Imisebenzi yomphakathi emihlanu ngo-5. Esinye sazo sasetshenziselwa ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela eNyuvesi yaseZurich kanti ezinye ezi-4 ezazizogcina zenze ushintsho olukhulu emfanekisweni onikezwa isayensi yendawo yonke. Futhi ukuthi le misebenzi inikeze incazelo yombono ngokwezibalo zesiphakamiso seBrownian. Banikeze nencazelo ngomphumela we-photoelectric. Ngalokhu, kwakususelwa kumcabango wokuthi ukukhanya kwenziwa nge-quanta ngayinye. Ku-physics yamuva lezi quanta zabizwa ngokuthi ama-photon.
Imisebenzi emibili esele yileyo eyabeka izisekelo zemfundiso yokuhlobana. Kule mbono, ukufana phakathi kwamandla enani elithile lendaba nobukhulu bayo kuyasungulwa. Lesi yisibalo esidumile u-E = mc². Njengoba umsebenzi wabo kanye nocwaningo lwabo lwalunomzamo omkhulu emuva kwawo, kubangele ukuthi bababeke phakathi kwezazi zefiziksi ezivelele kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kamuva lapho ukwamukelwa komphakathi kweqiniso kufinyelela ku-Albert Einstein futhi yilokho Wanikezwa iNobel Prize in Physics, ayithola ngo-1921.
Umbono wokuhlobana uzama ukuchaza okunye okungahambi kahle emcabangweni wokunyakaza okuhlobene. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvela kwalo mbono sekuyisisekelo sesayensi yomzimba. Iphinde yaba yinkomba enkulu esiza ukukhombisa ubumbano obalulekile lwendaba namandla, isikhala nesikhathi, kanye nokulingana phakathi kwamandla emandla adonsela phansi kanye nemiphumela yokusheshisa ohlelweni.
Le mbono yayinezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile. Owokuqala wawaziwa ngokuthi yi-theory ekhethekile yokuhlobana futhi usebenzelana nazo zonke lezo zinhlelo hamba isihlobo komunye nomunye ngejubane eliqhubekayo. Omunye wabizwa ngokuthi yi-theory of relativity jikelele futhi unesibopho sokuchaza lezo izinhlelo ezihamba ngejubane eliguqukayo. Kukulesivinini esiguqukayo lapho kwethulwa khona ukushesha.
Umbono wokuhlanganisa ka-Albert Einstein
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwimithetho ye-physics iyadingeka engahlanganisa zonke izincazelo zazo zombili izinhlelo ngokunyakaza okuzinzile manje okungazinzile. Ngalesi sizathu, wonke umsebenzi ka-Albert Einstein wagxila ekupheleliseni umbono ojwayelekile wokuhlobana. Isisekelo esiyinhloko salo mbono ukuthi Amandla adonsela phansi awawona amandla kepha yinkambu eyenziwe ngobuningi ekuqhubekeni kwesikhathi sesikhala.
Kamuva ngo-1919 udumo lwakhe lwamazwe omhlaba lwakhula, kwamenza ukuthi andise izingqungquthela zakhe zokufinyelela emhlabeni wonke. Isithombe sakhe njengomunye wabahambi bekilasi lesithathu likaloliwe naso sathandwa. Wayedume ngokuya yonke indawo ephethe ibhokisi le-violin engalweni yakhe. Futhi ukuthi enye yezinto azithandayo yayikudlala ivayolini.
Yonke imizamo ka-Albert Einstein kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo ibigxile ekutholeni ubudlelwane bezibalo phakathi kwe-electromagnetism nokuheha amandla adonsela phansi. Inhloso enkulu ka-Einstein thola imithetho ejwayelekile obekufanele itholwe ngokuziphatha kwazo zonke izinto endaweni yonke. Futhi ukuthi wayecabanga ukuthi kunomthetho owawuthi ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinto, noma ngabe kungaba yi-physics yasemhlabeni noma i-physics yasezulwini. Zonke lezi zimilo zokuziphatha bekufanele ziqoqelwe emfundisweni eyodwa yensimu ebumbene.
Lo sosayensi wake wathi ipolitiki inenani elidlulayo, kanti i-equation yayisebenza kuze kube phakade. Lokhu kwaba ngumphumela wenkinga ayenayo lapho kwakudingeka ashiye iJalimane aye e-United States ngenxa yokwenyuka kukaHitler embusweni ngo-1933. Kakade eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo yakhe umunyu wokungaphumeleli kwifomula eyembula isintu imfihlo yokuziphatha kwezinto yenza impilo yazo yaba nzima.
Ngemuva kokuqhuma kweNagasaki neHiroshima kuqede iMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, u-Einstein wahlanganisa bonke ososayensi ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwebhomu ngokuzayo futhi waphakamisa ukwakhiwa kukahulumeni womhlaba ovela kwiZizwe Ezihlangene.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngo-Albert Einstein.