Umuntu osemsebenzini wakhe wokwazi indawo yonke, usebenzise imishini eminingi yezobuchwepheshe emvumele ukuthi afunde futhi akhiphe imininingwane eminingi ewusizo kakhulu. I- Uphenyo lukaCassini bekulokhu kuhambo oludabukisayo ngesikhala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 futhi sekungumngane kaSaturn. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule wasishiya kodwa ngezithombe ezithile nolwazi olungavamile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, uhambo olubalulekile lophenyo lweCassini.
Izici eziyinhloko
Yethulwa ngo-1997 futhi ayizange ifinyelele eSaturn kwaze kwaba ngu-2004. Phakathi nalolu hambo lweminyaka engu-7 kwakudingeka ibhekane nobunzima obuthile. Isigaba sokugcina siqale ngo-Ephreli 22, 2017 futhi wayephethe ukweqa indawo phakathi kwamasongo neplanethi. Ekugcineni yabhujiswa emkhathini weSaturn ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokusebenza.
Uma sibala ukulimala okungu-7 okwathathwa ukufika kuSaturn, sengeza iminyaka engu-13 yokukhishwa, ngakho-ke ikwazile ukwenza imisebenzi embalwa impela. Ichithe iminyaka eyi-13 izula izungeza iplanethi lapho ikwazi khona ukukhipha inani elikhulu lolwazi mayelana neziphuphutheki eziyinhloko. Kakade ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ye-orbit, inikeze imininingwane kusuka kumakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-10 ahamba emhlabeni jikelele, izithombe ezingaba ngu-3.500 kanye nedatha engaphezulu kuka-350.000 GB yososayensi.
Kodwa-ke, uphenyo lwaseCassini alulwenzi lonke lolu hambo lodwa. Umlingani wakhe kwakunguHuygens futhi kwakwenziwa yi-European Space Agency (ESA). Lo mlingani uhlukane ngemuva kokufika eTitan ngoJanuwari 14, 2005. Umsebenzi weCassini probe welulwa kusukela ngo-2008, kodwa ngenxa yesimo sawo esihle ubelokhu enweba izithunywa kuze kube kulo nyaka. Yize isebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi kaTitan ukwenza ushintsho kumjikelezo wayo, isebenzisa uphethiloli wayo ukwenza izindlela ezithile. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, uphethiloli uhlale endaweni encane ebekiwe futhi i-NASA ikhethe ukuwonakalisa nokugwema ukuwa kwenye yezinyanga ezingcolisa izindawo ezinenani elikhethekile lesayensi.
Sesivele singcolise iplanethi yethu nezindawo ezisizungezile ezanele ukuya eSaturn ukungcolisa izinyanga zayo.
Ukutholwa okuhle okuvela kuphenyo leCassini
Ake sibone ukuthi yikuphi okutholwe okukhulu kakhulu okwenziwe ngophenyo lukaCassini. Lokho kuhambisana noSaturn, kube ngumhloli wamazwe omkhulu uthole izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-7 zomhlaba futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi i-Enceladus imbozwe ulwandle lomhlaba jikelele kufihlwe ngaphansi kongqimba lweqhwa elingaphandle. Umsebenzi wokugcina wokugcina wawungenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu selokhu kwangena umzila othambekele futhi ongumbombayi onendawo yakhe esondele kakhulu emhlabeni yayingamakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-8.000. Kule nhloso, yenze amathanga angama-22 ahlelwe kahle ngoba, ngejubane elilinganayo lamakhilomitha angama-34 ngomzuzwana, inganqamula isikhala esiphakathi kwamasongo neplanethi ngomkhawulo wamakhilomitha angaba ngu-2.000 XNUMX.
Umjikelezo wayo wokugcina wasizwa ngamandla enyanga kaSaturn. Uphenyo bekufanele lubekwe emzileni walo wokugcina owawusendaweni eseduze kakhulu nomhlaba onamakhilomitha ayi-1.000 5 kuphela. Kuyo, wakwazi ukunikela ngemininingwane engcono eyamvumela ukuthi ahlaziye ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kweplanethi namasongo ayo. Ngokunemba okungu-11%, bekwenzeka ukubala ubukhulu nokuthatha izithombe zamafu nomkhathi. Ekugcineni, ngoSepthemba 2017, XNUMX, yaqala indiza yayo yokugcina ukuqeda ukuwohloka komkhathi weSaturn.
ICassini probe nezindawo okungahlalwa kuzo
Ngaphambi kokuba imishini iqale, bekungakacaci ukuthi ngabe ukuxubana okwaziwayo kwezinto ezibalulekile empilweni bekukhona endaweni ethile kuhlelo lwangaphandle lwelanga: amanzi afriziwe, amanzi angamanzi, amakhemikhali ayisisekelo, namandla, ukukhanya kwelanga, noma ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali. Kusukela uCassini afike eSaturn, kukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezwe okungahlalwa kulo olwandle.
I-Enceladus, yize incane ngosayizi, kwatholakala ukuthi inemisebenzi eqinile yokwakheka komhlaba kanye nezinqolobane zamanzi eziwuketshezi eduze kwesigxobo esiseningizimu, ngoba ingamanzi angamanzi omhlaba wonke. Equkethe usawoti kanye nama-molecule alula we-organic, ulwandle lukhipha umhwamuko wamanzi nejel ngokusebenzisa amagiza emifantwini ebusweni bawo. Ukuba khona kwalolu lwandle kwenza i-Enceladus ibe ngenye yezindawo ezithembisa kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga ukuthola impilo.
Eminyakeni edlule, iphenyo laseCassini liphinde laxazulula enye yezimfihlakalo zokucabanga: kungani i-Enceladus ingumzimba wasezulwini ogqame kunayo yonke kuhlelo lwelanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakungumzimba weqhwa.
UTitan ubuye abe yingqophamlando yokuthola impilo. Uphenyo lukaHuygens olwaluthwele uCassini lwangena ebusweni besathelayithi lwathola ubufakazi bolwandle olwalungaphansi kweqhwa lalo, okungenzeka lwakhiwa ngamanzi ne-ammonia, futhi umkhathi ugcwele ama-molecule angaphambi kokudla okune-prebiotic. Wabona ukuthi iqukethe uhlelo oluphelele lwamanzi, nemifula, amachibi, nezilwandle ezigcwele i-methane ne-ethane ewuketshezi.
Ngokususelwa kumodeli, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ulwandle lweTitan lungahle futhi luqukethe imishayo ye-hydrothermal, enikeza amandla empilo. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi banethemba lokulondoloza izimo zakhona zokuqala ukuze zihlolwe esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, benza uphenyo lweCassini "uzozibulala" ngokumelene noSaturn ukuyivimba ukuthi ingaweli kule nyanga futhi iyingcolise.
KwaTitan, ukuthunywa kusikhombise nomhlaba ofana nomhlaba onesimo sezulu sawo nokusisiza kwawo kusisize siqonde iplanethi yethu. Ngandlela thile, UCassini ufana nomshini wesikhathi, esivula iwindi lokuthi sikwazi ukubona izinqubo zomzimba okungenzeka ukuthi zakha ukwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga nezinhlelo zamaplanethi ezizungeze ezinye izinkanyezi.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi unikeze amazwibela ohlelo lweSaturn. Ithole imininingwane yokwakheka nokushisa komkhathi ongaphezulu, iziphepho nokukhishwa komsakazo okunamandla. Wabona umbani ebusweni bomhlaba emini nasebusuku okokuqala. Kukhona nendandatho yakhe, ilabhorethri yemvelo yokutadisha ukwakheka kwamaplanethi, uhlobo lwesistimu encane yelanga.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngophenyo lweCassini neminikelo yalo.