El Umugqa we-Bering Kuyingxenye yolwandle edlulela phakathi kokuphela kwempumalanga yensimu yase-Asia nasenyakatho nentshonalanga eyedlulele yendawo yaseMelika. Engxenyeni yensimu yase-Asia, kufaka phakathi amazwe afana neSiberia neRussia, kanti enyakatho nentshonalanga enkulu yaseMelika sine-Alaska. Lo mkhawulo usebenze njengesiteshi sokuxhumana phakathi koLwandle iBering enyakatho noLwandle iChukotka eningizimu. Kubaluleke kakhulu isu kanye nezinye izifiso okufanele uzazi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana neBering Strait nezici zayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
IBering Strait ingamakhilomitha angama-82 ububanzi futhi yakhiwa kakhulu ngamanzi abandayo. Ukuba seduze kwengxenye ephezulu yezwe elisenyakatho sinamazinga okushisa aphansi impela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushisa kwalo kuzoba phansi unyaka wonke. Inokujula okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-30-50. Labhapathizwa ngaleli gama ukuhlonipha umhloli wamazwe waseDenmark uVitus Bering.
Ngaphakathi kulo mngcele sithola iziqhingi ezimbili ezaziwa ngeDiomedes Islands. Ihlukaniswe nge-vi Diomedes Minor neDiomedes Greater. Eyokuqala isendaweni eseNyakatho Melika ngenkathi eyesibili isendaweni yaseRussia. Zombili lezi ziqhingi zidlula umugqa wenguquko wamazwe omhlaba ohlukanisa iStrait ezimbili. Kuwo wonke umlando, kuphakanyiswe izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kwebhuloho elingaxhuma izingqimba zombili zeBering Strait. Ngakho-ke, ungavumela ezokuthutha ukuhweba phakathi kwe-Asia neMelika. Le phrojekthi ishiywe ngenxa yempumelelo yekhebula le-transatlantic telegraph.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwaqinisekiswa futhi ngonyaka we-2011 njengephrojekthi yokudlulisa phakathi kwe-United States, iRussia neChina. okungafaka umhubhe ongaphansi kwamanzi ongamakhilomitha angama-200 ubude. Kakade namuhla yonke le ndawo yeBering Strait iyindawo yamasosha evaliwe. Ungavakashela ngamapasipoti afanele avela kuhulumeni waseRussia. Imvamisa kunezilawuli eziningana eziqinile esifundeni sonke. Okuwukuphela kwamadolobha aseRussia aseduze ngamadolobha ase-Anadyr naseProvideniya.
Umbono weBering Strait
Kunemibono eminingi kanye nelukuluku mayelana neBering Strait. Futhi ngukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi baqinisekisa ukuthi lo mkhuba wawungadala ukoloni eMelika. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nokufuduka kwabantu besuka e-Asia baya eMelika ezikhathini zasendulo. Iningi lalezi zinkolelo zinempendulo engaba khona futhi yiBering Strait. Izinga eliphansi lezilwandle elidalwa yisikhathi seqhwa noma isikhathi seqhwa bekungadalula indawo yonke exhumanisa la mazwekazi amabili. Ngakho-ke, ukhokho othile womuntu wayengathutha.
Ngenye yezinkolelo-mbono ngokwandiswa komuntu ukusuka endaweni yase-Asia kuya endaweni yaseMelika. Leli bhuloho lemvelo lalizokwaziwa ngeBeringia Bridge. Ukube le mbono beyiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuthi le nkinga ibizokhuphula ikoloni labantu ezwenikazi lonke laseMelika futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekuguqukeni okufanayo ngokuhlobene nabazala bayo baseYurophu nabase-Asia. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomhlaba lenyuka futhi, le ndlela ibizonyamalala incibilikise esibhakabhakeni. Ulwandle lwalukhuphule izinga lalo futhi futhi lwacwilisa emthonjeni wemvelo phakathi kwamazwekazi. Ngale ndlela, abahlali baseMelika bahlukanisiwe futhi kuyimbono okusadingidwa ngayo namuhla ngochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
Yile ndlela abantu baseMelika okwakumele bakhule ngayo ngaphandle kwamaYurophu nabase-Asiya.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeBering Strait
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lo mkhawulo useLwandle iBering. Ulwandle olunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Kubhekwe njengendawo yezasolwandle ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Zonke izindawo ze-arctic ezungeze lo mkhawulo ziyazuza ebukhoneni bezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi awo atholakala ngobuningi be- izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezinosayizi omncane kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-160 zama-algae ezintantayo ezinemvelo yazo eBering Sea. Isibonelo, sithola ulwelwe olukhulu olukhulu olunsundu olukwaziyo ukwakha amahlathi aluhlaza kwezinye izindawo ezinamanzi. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalelwa ku-420 sezisizile ekwandeni kokudoba kanye nebhizinisi nazo. Kodwa-ke, kunemithelela kanye nezinsongo ezithinta uLwandle iBering.
IBering Strait ithinteka kakhulu ngomthelela womuntu, nawo odala izinkinga olwandle. Yindawo esengozini enkulu ezinkingeni zemvelo kanye nemiphumela emibi yokushisa komhlaba. Ngakho-ke kuvela umbono weBering Strait eshiwo ngenhla. Ukuba yindawo eseduze ne-Arctic Ocean iyazwela kakhulu ngoba iyathinteka ngokwanda kwamazinga wamanzi ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamakhekheba eqhwa asezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ukungcola
IBering Strait nayo ihlupheka ngenqubo yokungcola ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza yabantu. Ukudoba kuhlushwa ukuxhashazwa nezinkinga ezinkulu kuye kwabangelwa izinhlobo eziningi. Isibonelo, indawo esentshonalanga kakhulu inesimo esibi sokudoba ngokweqile nokudoba okungekho emthethweni.
Ezinye izingxenye zalolu lwandle zingcoliswe inqwaba yemfucumfucu engokwemvelo nezinto ezinobuthi zosayizi omncane kakhulu. Inkinga ngalezi zinto ukuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqeda. Ama-biphenyls e-polychlorinated, ukungcola okuphikelelayo okungokwemvelo, iminonjana ye-mercury, lead, selenium, ne-cadmium kutholakale emzimbeni wezilwane eziningi zasolwandle. Sibona futhi eminye imithelela ekhiqizwa ukuhamba kwezilwandle lokho ziphazamisa impilo yasolwandle kanye nengozi enkulu yokuchitheka kukawoyela.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lo mkhawulo uphethe izifiso eziningi kanye nemibono engaqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu anganweba ngenxa yobukhona bayo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeBering Strait kanye nezici zayo.