El Umfula iNayile Ungumfula wamazwe omhlaba, ongaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-6000 ubude, owela amazwe ayishumi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Yize sekuyisikhathi eside ubhekwa njengomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, njengamanje usezingeni lesibili, weqiwa yi-Amazon ngemuva kokuchaza kabusha umsuka wawo. Bekulokhu kungumthombo obalulekile wokuphila kubahlali besigodi salo, kunikeza ukuzala okunothile nokusebenzela ukuthuthuka kwempucuko yasendulo yaseGibhithe. Futhi kunomthelela emnothweni, emasikweni, kwezokuvakasha kanye nasempilweni yansuku zonke yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, izimbali, izilwane nokubaluleka koMfula iNayile.
Izici eziyinhloko
UMfula iNayile ungowesibili umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, ubude bawo bungamakhilomitha ayi-6.853 10. Umzila wayo osuka enyakatho uye eningizimu unqamula amazwe ayi-3,4 ase-Afrika. Inomcengezi wamakhilomitha-skwele angaba yizigidi ezingama-10, ohlala ngaphezulu kancane kwe-XNUMX% lendawo yomhlaba wase-Afrika. Ububanzi bayo obukhulu ngamakhilomitha angu-2,8. Njengoba iningi lendawo uMfula iNayile ugeleza kuwo yomile futhi imvula incane kakhulu. Lo mfula usuphenduke umfula ongaziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi kuvela emanzini lapho isimo sezulu silungele imvula.
Uhlelo lwayo lwemifula luqukethe imifula emibili, uMfula iNayile umelela ama-80% awo kanti uMfula iBlue Nile umele ama-20% enkathi yemvula. INile Valley ingenye yezigodi zemifula ezivundile kakhulu emhlabeni futhi izakhamizi zale ndawo ziyakwazi ukulima.
Kube khona amaqembu amaningi ezinhlanga ahlala osebeni lwawo kuwo wonke umlando, njenge-siruk, i-nuer ne-sufis. Ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo ezihlukile (amaSulumane, ama-Orthodox amaKristu, amaJuda, amasiko amaCoptic, nezinye izinkolo), baphila ngezikhathi zokuthula nempi.
UMfula iNayile uyajikajika, unciphe kwezinye izindawo futhi uvuleke kwezinye. Ungahlangabezana nempophoma endleleni, noma ingahle ikwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene, kunzima ukuyihamba ngenxa yokuphuthuma kwayo kwezinye izingxenye.
Ngaphandle kombala osilika obonakala ngasendleleni emhlophe yeNayile, Amanzi omfula iNayile imvamisa aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahluke kakhulu kuphuzi lwasogwadule nohlaza oluhlaza lwesundu. Lo mfula wakha iziqhingi ezincane, ezinye zazo ezikhanga izivakashi.
Izinsongo nomthombo woMfula iNayile
Usongo olukhulu emfuleni wesibili omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni ukungcola okubhekene nakho, ngoba yize kunemizamo yokubeka imithetho yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza emanzini ayo, izimboni kanye namahhotela kuyaqhubeka ukuhlupheka kanjalo.
Ngokufanayo, ukuhwamuka okwandayo okuvela eMfuleni iNayile kusheshisa le nqubo yokungcola, kungagcini ngokubeka engcupheni abantu abathembele emanzini alo ukuze baphile, kodwa futhi nokubeka engcupheni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo okuhlala eMfuleni iNayile kanye nemvelo ezungezile.
Ukuzalwa kwayo bekulokhu kuyisihloko esinempikiswano, ngoba yize abanye abahloli bamazwe, njengoBurkhart Waldecker waseGerman, bethi iNayile yazalelwa emfuleni iKagera, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yavela eLake Victoria. Ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX AD C. Kukholakala ukuthi yavela eqhweni laseRovenzori.
Imifudlana yoMfula iNayile
Akukho ukuvumelana ngomthombo woMfula iNayile, ngoba yize iLake Victoria inkulu, ihlinzekwa ngeminye imifula efana noMfula iKagera entshonalanga yeTanzania. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kunikezwa ngumthombo wayo, uMfula iRukarara (Rukarara), owaqanjwa kabusha njengoba ungena eKagera.
Omunye umthombo woMfula iNayile osekude noMfula iLuvyironza, ongena eMfuleni iRuvubu uhlangane noMfula iKagera, bese ungena eLake Victoria. Lo ngumthombo omdala kunayo yonke owaziwayo futhi uhlala ungomunye wemithombo emikhulu eningizimu yeNayile.I-White Nile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Upper Nile noma i-Upper Nile, ihlangana neBlue Nile eKhartoum noma enhlokodolobha yaseSudan iKhartoum. Ngalesi sikhathi isigaba esiphakathi seNayile noma isigaba esiphakathi seNayile siqala.Umzila usuka eKhartoum uye e-Aswan, ngobude obuphelele cishe bamakhilomitha ayi-1.800.
Ekugcineni, uMfula iNayile ugelezela oLwandle iMedithera unqamule imifula yayo, wakhe iNayile River Delta, engenye yamachibi amakhulu emhlabeni. Yindawo enkulu futhi evundile yasenyakatho neGibhithe, ngaphambili eyayaziwa njengeLower Egypt, enabantu abaningi futhi elungele ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo. Ungabona imephu yomlomo woMfula iNayile ngezansi.
UMfula iNayile uvame ukuhlobana neGibhithe namadolobha alo, kepha ugeleza udlule emazweni ayi-10 ase-Afrika esewonke: IBurundi, iTanzania, iRwanda, i-Uganda, iKenya, iSouth Sudan, iSudan, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iEthiopia kanye neGibhithe uqobo.
Izimbali nezilwane
Yize isimo sezulu soMfula iNayile singamamitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwadule, amanzi awo avundile avumela uhlaza oluseduze ukuba lukhule, awusetshenziswanga kuphela ngezinjongo zezolimo, kepha futhi inkomba yayo enkulu kunazo zonke izitshalo ze-papyrus, yingakho isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokutholakala kwephepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo idume kakhulu ngotshani obuningi nezinhlobo ezineziqu ezinde ezifana nomhlanga noqalo. Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezitholakala kulo mzila zifaka i-spiny Hasab, ebony, ne-prairie acacia, engafinyelela kumamitha ayi-14 ukuphakama.
INayile ihlukanise izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi yavumelana nezimo zokuphila ezinokushisa okuphezulu. Izilwane ezincelisayo zihlanganisa izimvubu, izindlovu, izindlulamithi, i-okapi, izinyathi nezingwe.
Izinhlobo ezinjengezimpungushe ezimpunga, izinhlwathi ezincane, ama-cormorant amakhulu kanye nezinkezo ezivamile kutholakale ezilwaneni zezinkukhu. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, isibankwa seNayile sokuqapha, ingwenya yesibili ngobukhulu yeNayile emhlabeni, kanti ufudu lwe-loggerhead luvelele ikakhulukazi. UMfula iNayile unezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalelwa ku-129, ezingama-26 zazo ezikhona, okusho ukuthi yilezi zinhlanzi kuphela.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoMfula iNayile nezimpawu zawo.