Umfula i-Orinoco

Namuhla sizokwethula umfula owaziwa umhlaba wonke ngokuba ngumfula omkhulu eVenezuela. Imayelana ne- Umfula i-Orinoco. Kukhona izinganekwane ezahlukahlukene zokuthakazelisa kakhulu ngalo mfula lapho kuthinteka khona ubukhona bezilo nezinye izinto eziyinqaba. Inenani elikhulu lamaminerali, ingcebo yezemvelo namanzi futhi ngenxa yayo impucuko ezungezile ingakhula.

Sichaza konke okuphathelene noMfula i-Oricono.

Indawo nobude

Igama lomfula i-Orinoco livela kwesinye sezizwe zakudala zomdabu zaseVenezuela. Isizwe sakwa Said sesivele sanyamalala namhlanje ngenxa yezikhukhula ezenzeke eminyakeni edlule.

Kutholakala, njengoba sishilo, eVenezuela esifundeni esaziwa ngokuthi ama-Amazonas. Ingxenye yale ndawo ithonywe uMfula iGuavire, onqamula iColombia. Ubhekwa njengomfula omkhulu kunayo yonke ezweni lonke. Engxenyeni yawo yokugcina, uhamba noMfula i-Amazon emlonyeni wawo.

Lo mfula onamandla ubude bawo bungamakhilomitha angama-2.140 futhi awuthathwa njengomfula nje kuphela, kodwa uhlelo lonke. Uma futhi sibheka ukuhlangana kweGuavire, ubude obuphelele bungamakhilomitha angama-2.800. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngomunye wemifula emikhulu emhlabeni wonke.

I-delta yayo inkulu kangangokuthi ngenkathi itholakala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ulwandle. Ubukhulu bezindishi bukhulu futhi buthwala umthamo omkhulu wamanzi. Isitsha se-Orinoco sinemifula emincane engaphezu kwama-436 nemifudlana yamanzi engu-2000 XNUMX. Lezi zifufula zingumnikelo wamanzi eza ngokwemvelo echibini lomfula futhi afaka isandla ekwandeni kokugeleza okuphelele okuphethe. Wonke amanzi ekugcineni angena oLwandle i-Atlantic.

Ubukhulu besitsheni kunzima impela ukukala, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingaba nengqikithi yamakhilomitha-skwele angama-990.000, okukhona kuwo ama-643.480 km2 asendaweni yaseVenezuela. Ubukhulu balesi sigcawu buyenza ibe eyesithathu ngobukhulu kuyo yonke iNingizimu Melika.

Ukubaluleka koMfula i-Orinoco

Umcengezi ubaluleke kakhulu eVenezuela, hhayi ngokomlando kuphela, kepha futhi ihlanganisa nezici ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho. Iba okunye kokugeleza okusebenzele sonke lesi sikhathi ukuzulazula kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpahla ezidluliselwe ukusetshenziswa edolobheni kuya kwelinye. Ngenxa yalokho, Kukwazile ukunweba imiphakathi eyayizinze ngasemfuleni futhi ngaleyo ndlela yanda inani labantu kulezi zindawo.

Futhi inokubaluleka okukhulu kwemvelo njengoba inezindawo ezinkulu ezinezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo. Inani lemvelo lisebuningini nasesimo sezulu esichumayo esinaso. Kunemifino eminingi esetshenziselwa ukonga indawo ngenxa yokuheha kwayo izivakashi. Njengoba kungalindelwa, into ethile yemvelo ithola inani layo eliphezulu lezomnotho lapho eminye imisebenzi yezomnotho ingakhishwa kuyo. Isibonelo, izindawo ezahlukahlukene ezivikelwe zinemali yokungena futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithola imali futhi zenyuse inani lazo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphelele enza uMfula i-Orinoco ube nenani elikhulu kuzo zonke izici.

Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, njengoba kuvunyelwa ukumbiwa kwemigodi evulekile, imithelela ehlukene yezemvelo isiqalile ukuvela eyonakalisa inani lezemvelo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kukhona ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, ukonakaliswa kwendawo okuhlala kuyo nokuwohloka kwamanzi, kodwa futhi kunomthelela emiphumeleni yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuleyo ndawo egcizelelwa kakhulu yiPhenomenon of I-El Niño.

Umlomo nemingenela

Umlomo we-Orinoco wabhalwa nguChristopher Columbus uqobo ngo-1498. Amabhishi aseVenezuela yiwo aphethe iningi lomlomo womfula. Kwakhiwa i-delta efinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-300 ogwini. Lokhu kufinyelela kude kakhulu futhi iningi le- ama-geological agents benza ukuguqula ukukhululeka okufanayo.

Umlomo usuka ePunta playa udabule indawo esempumalanga uye endaweni yaseBoca Bagre. Njengoba babebanzi kakhulu, abahloli bamazwe bokuqala uColumbus wazithola engabaza ukuthi ngabe balutholile yini ulwandle olusha. Ineziteshi ezingaphezu kwama-300 kanye neDelta enamandla eyakha inosayizi wama-30.000 km2.

Uhambo lwakho oluphelele luqala e-Venezuela Amazon nasezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu e-Amazon State. Uma ifika endaweni ebizwa ngeLa Esmeralda ijoyina uMfula iCasiquiare bese ihamba amakhilomitha angama-290 lapho kujoyina khona uMfula iNegro, obuye ube ngumfula i-Amazon.

Enye yemingenela eyinhloko uMfula iVentuari lokho kuqala uhambo oluya edolobheni laseSan Fernando de Atabapo. Yilapho lapho iqala khona ukuthola amanzi oMfula iGuavire, okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla futhi umaka umngcele wemvelo phakathi kweVenezuela neColombia. Eminye yemifula edume kakhulu enikela kakhulu eMfuleni i-Orinoco yiCaura-Merevari, iCaroní-Cuquenán, iVichada, iMeta ne-Arauca.

Inani lemvelo nezomnotho

Njengoba izindawo eziningi zalo mfula zisizakala ngezinsizakusebenza, kuthatha ukuhlobana okukhulu kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo. Indawo yehlathi ixhashazwa ngendlela yokuthi kutholakale ingcebo yamaminerali afana nensimbi ne-aluminium.

Izindawo zokuxhashazwa zitholakala lapho i-Orinoco ihlangana khona neminye imithombo efana neCaroní neCerro Bolívar. Kulezi zindawo kunamadiski amakhulu asebenza ukuthuthukisa umkhakha endaweni.

Kukhona nomugqa wokukhipha uwoyela ohlangothini lwesobunxele, eduze kwamazwe aseMonagas nase-Anzoátegui. Lo oyili uyiswa edolobheni lase-El Tigre lapho usetshenziswa khona. Indlela uwoyela odluliswa ngayo isuswa kwenye indawo iye kwenye yenziwa ngamapayipi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ngenxa yokuthutheleka okukhulu koMfula i-Orinoco, amadolobha amakhulu ngikwazile ukwakha izinkampani zezimayini kanye nendlunkulu ephehla ugesi ngamanzi lapho kuthuthukiswa lonke uhlelo lokuxhashazwa komnotho

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uMfula i-Orinoco ubaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.