Umfula i-Ebro

ukugeleza komfula ebro

Ucebile ngezinganekwane kanye nezindawo, i Umfula i-Ebro Kusifaka emcabangweni wezindawo ezinhle, izigodi, izintaba namadolobha amahle, sibe nelungelo lokuyibona ihamba amakhilomitha angama-930 ubude, okuwenza umfula omude kunayo yonke eSpain. Endaweni yesibili, ngemuva komfula iDuero eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomfula i-Ebro, izici zayo, umlomo nokunye okuningi.

Izici eziyinhloko

ukungcoliswa kwemifula

Umfula i-Ebro uthathwa njengomfula omude futhi omkhulu kunayo yonke eSpain futhi umzila wawo ungaphakathi kwendawo yaseSpain ngokuphelele, okungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu njengoba usezingeni lokuqala emhlabeni kulo mugqa.

Ngokuqondene nendawo yoMfula i-Ebro, abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi umfula i-Ebro uqala kuphi. Izalelwa eCantabria, futhi umfula i-Ebro ugeleza oLwandle iMedithera uya eTarragona, eSpain. Ukuhamba komfula i-Ebro kuqala e-Pico Tres Mares ngamamitha angu-2.175 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwezigodi ezintathu ezahlukene ze-Sierra de Hijar, lapho amanzi ehla khona ngomgwaqo obheke olwandle oluthathu olumngcele we-peninsula, i-Nanza kanye Imifula yaseCantabrian igudle ulwandle, umfula iPisurga umngcele wolwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, kanti umfula i-Ebro umngcele woLwandle iMedithera.

Idlula endaweni yaseCampoo Los Valles noma i-Valle de Campoo ize ifike e-Ebro Gorge ngesifundazwe saseBurgos. Ihlukaniswe yiPyrenees, uhlelo lwase-Iberia namagquma aseYurophu.

Ukusuka eBurgos kuya eLa Rioja Emphakathini WaseSpain, lapho kwakhiwa khona iLas Conchas de Haro noma iConchas de Ebro, indawo yemvelo yelimestone enikeza ukuphila endaweni engokwemvelo engenakuqhathaniswa, edabula emadolobheni amaningana eSpain ize ifike eLogroño, inhloko-dolobha yaseLa Rioja. Kusukela kokugcina kuya eNavarra, ugeza emadolobheni ahlukahlukene endleleni, ngalinye linomlingiswa walo nomlando, uze ufike eCatalonia.

Umlomo woMfula i-Ebro

Umfula i-Ebro

Umlomo woMfula i-Ebro usedolobheni laseTarragona, wenza i-delta emlonyeni woLwandle iMedithera. Kunesiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke saseBuda eCatalonia, futhi ukugeleza komfula kuhlukaniswe izingalo ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi iGolas Norte neGolas Sur. Kukhona ne-Ebro Delta Natural Park, yona ihlanganisa ama-20% omfula kanye nezinzuzo zokuba indawo evikelwe ngokusemthethweni. Umfula iSegura usaphuma kulolu lwandle.

Idalwe ngo-1983, leli paki liyindawo eyixhaphozi enkulu kunazo zonke eCatalonia, enamahektha ayi-7.802; izindawo zokulima, ikakhulukazi amasimu erayisi, athatha ama-80% asele, amahektha angaphezu kuka-21.000, okusho okuningi ngokubaluleka kwalezi zitshalo esifundeni.

Ukugeleza komfula i-Ebro cishe kungama-cubic metres angama-600 ngomzuzwana, kodwa kugqame ngokuhlukahluka kwawo, ngoba ingasuka ku-440 cubic metres ngenyanga eyodwa iye ku-2896 cubic metres kwenye. Izikhukhula zomfula zivame kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, edume kakhulu futhi elimazayo yilezo ezenzeka eCastejón naseZaragoza.

Kube nokwehla okukhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 (18.286,7 hm3/ngonyaka) kuze kube kulo nyaka wezi-2017, idolobha lase-El Pilar libe nokukhishwa okuncane okungu-35 m3/s. I-Duero ayikho esimweni esihle, nokugeleza okungu-6 m3/s ngo-August kulo nyaka.

Umfula i-Orinoco wamenyezelwa uqaphile ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu amanzi, njengoba wawuseduze kakhulu nokudlula uphawu luka-1976 lapho ufinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-35 ukuphakama, okubangela izikhukhula ezindaweni eziphansi.

Isitsha somfula i-Ebro

Ingunxantathu futhi Inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-85.362 futhi inesabelo esikhulu eSpain. Uphinde adlale ezindaweni ezimbalwa e-Andorra naseFrance. Isifunda noma idolobha layo elinabantu abaningi yiZaragoza, okwamanje idlula izakhamuzi ezingama-700.000 (2017) Umfula omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni uMfula i-Amazon, ohlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-6,1.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,7 zivakashela i-Ebro ephansi unyaka ngamunye, kokubili ukuhamba nokuhamba, zisebenzisa okugeza okushisayo, ukudoba kanye nokukhempa ukuze bazilolonge imidlalo eyingozi efana ne-canyoning, i-rafting, i-kayaking nokuningi.

Izinsongo

izikhukhula

Kunezinsongo eziningi emfuleni i-Ebro, okuhlanganisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba, ukuncipha kanye nezikhukhula, ezisongela futhi zidale izinhlekelele eziningi, ezinemininingwane ngezansi. I-Zaragoza yayiyindawo yokugcina yokuthintwa yizikhukhula ezinamandla zomfula, ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yemvula eqhubekayo kanye nokuntuleka kokubona kusengaphambili kwabakhileyo, kanye nokunganaki kombuso, ukuntuleka kohlelo lokudonsa, okwadala umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokulimala kwabantu, ukuhlanzwa nokuvikelwa komfula.

Ithuba lokucwila e-Ebro Delta alikude, nge ngaphansi kwama-50% obuso bayo ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzwela kwayo ekuguquguqukeni kwesimo sezulu okubangela ukuphakama kolwandle. Imisebenzi yezolimo, amapulazi kanye nezimboni isaqhubeka nokudala umonakalo endaweni. E-Spain, i-ecosystem yomfula i-Ebro iyawohloka futhi izinga lokuphakelwa kwamanzi kubahlali balesi sigodi liya liba limbi.

Ukuba khona kwe-nitrate, i-ammonium, i-nitrite, izibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali kumahektha ayizigidi ezi-3 omhlaba olimekayo nakho kunomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi, amadamu nokunye. Lezi zingabonakala emifuleni eminingi eMelika, eYurophu nakwamanye amazwekazi, e-Argentina uMfula iParaná ungomunye wayo.

amadamu

Ngokuphambene nezinzuzo zokuba nezimpophoma ezingaphezu kuka-457 nezitshalo zikagesi ngamanzi, kubhekwa njengosongo empilweni evamile yomfula kanye nezakhamuzi zawo, ikakhulukazi e-Ribarroja, Flix naseMequinenza e-Lower Ebro. Ngaphandle kwaleyo ekhona, iSpain wenze isiphakamiso sohlelo lwe-hydrological 2010-2015, lapho kuhlelwe khona ukufaka izitshalo eziningi ezikhiqiza ugesi ngamanzi ikhuphule umthamo wayo wamanje ongu-3.894,5 Mw, isebenzisa u-38.000 hm3 wamanzi ngonyaka.

Njengoba ubona, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani lo mfula ubaluleke kakhulu eSpain. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noMfula i-Ebro, izici zawo kanye nokubaluleka komlomo wawo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.