Enye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni yi- Ulwandle lwaseCaribbean. Leli gama lisuselwa kumaCaribs. Ngabantu bomdabu ababehlala engxenyeni yamaLittle Antilles naseNingizimu Melika. ULwandle lweCaribbean lunamanzi acwebezelayo futhi afudumele ahlinzeka ngobuhle obedlulele. Ngenxa yalobu buhle, kuhloswe izigidi nezigidi zabavakashi unyaka wonke.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, ukwakheka komhlaba nokwakheka koLwandle lweCaribbean.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lolwandle olwakhiwa yi umcengezi ongaphansi kolwandle futhi ungowase-Atlantic Ocean. Isifunda esishisayo siyatholakala, ngakho-ke sinamanzi amaningi afudumele. Lawa manzi abukeka njengamakristalu abenza bathole ubuhle obungenakulinganiswa. Uma kulokhu singeza ukuthi izimila, izitshalo nezilwane ezizungezile nakho kunenala enkulu, kwenza le ndawo ibe yipharadesi langempela.
Sikhuluma ngomzimba omkhulu wamanzi anosawoti atholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeGulf yaseMexico nasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, phakathi kwamaphethelo 9º no-22º North nobude obungu-89º no-60º West. Phakathi kwemikhawulo yalolu lwandle sithola izingxenye eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhawulwa ngaseningizimu neColombia, iVenezuela nePanama. Ngokuqondene nentshonalanga, inqamula iCosta Rica, iNicaragua, iMexico, iHonduras neBelize. Uma siqhubekela phambili enyakatho siyabona ukuthi unqamula iCuba, iJamaica, iDominican Republic nePuerto Rico engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho.
ULwandle lweCaribbean luyindawo ebanzi impela enombala wamanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaza amancane. Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi ukujula okumaphakathi kungamamitha angama-2.200. Indawo ejule kakhulu kulolu lwandle yiCayman Trench, ebhalisa amamitha ayi-7,686 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Uma sandisela umbono kuyo yonke insimu ehlanganiswe uLwandle lweCaribbean, siyabona ukuthi likhaya leziqhingi ezingaphezu kwezi-7.000, iziqhingana nemifula. Eziningi zalezi zindawo zincane kakhulu ukuthi kungahlalwa kuzo ngabantu.
Isifunda sonke seCaribbean sisungulwe kwezepolitiki futhi kusukela ngo-2015 sekutholakele ukuthi lolu lwandle Kufika ekugezeni ugu lwamazwe ayi-12 ezwekazini nezindawo ezingama-22 zeziqhingi. Yonke le ndawo yaziwa namuhla ngegama lesifunda seCaribbean. Kuzo zonke iziqhingi, iCuba yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke ngenkathi i-Anguilla incane kunazo zonke.
Ulwandle lweCaribbean
Uma sibala ukunwetshwa okuphelele koLwandle lweCaribbean, sithola indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-2.7. Lobuso bubenza bube ngolunye lwezilwandle ezinkulu emhlabeni. Kufanele wazi ukuthi uhlukanisa kanjani phakathi kolwandle nolwandle. Izilwandle zakha indawo encane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubhekwa njengenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Phakathi kwezakhiwo zayo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezomshini sithola ukuthi ulwandle olufana kakhulu. Usawoti wayo awuphezulu kakhulu kodwa izinga lokushisa kwalo liphakeme impela. Banamanani anosawoti aphakathi kuka-3.6%, ngenkathi izinga lokushisa layo elijwayelekile lingama-27 degrees futhi alivamisile ukwehluka ngaphezu kwama-3 degrees unyaka wonke. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, kubhaliswa amanani anosawoti aphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lehla futhi amanzi avumela ukuncibilika okuncane. Kungakho ukwanda kasawoti kuyanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isizini esukela ezinyangeni zikaJuni kuya kuDisemba, kule sizini leyo enosawoti ophansi kakhulu.
Okunye okungahambi kahle kulolu lwandle ukuthi luhlala luhlaselwa yiziphepho. Yize inobuhle obungenakulinganiswa namanzi ayo acwebezela njenge-crystal nobuningi bayo bezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ayilondolozwanga ezivunguvungwini. Ukuba sesifundeni esishisayo, kuvame ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngezinguquko ekushiseni nasezimpondweni. Ngokwesilinganiso, kwakhiwa iziphepho ezishisayo eziyi-9 ezithinta uLwandle lweCaribbean futhi ezingaba yiziphepho. Akuzona zonke iziphepho ezishisayo eziba yiziphepho, kepha ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, leli thuba liyakhula iminyaka. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi ithuba lesiphepho liyanda, kepha futhi namandla alo akwanda.
Ukwakhiwa koLwandle lweCaribbean
Njengamanje lo mzimba wamanzi usepuleti laseCaribbean. Ipuleti le-tectonic yilona elikhawulela amapuleti aseNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu Melika, amapuleti amaNazca namacwecwe eCocos. Ososayensi bacwaninge ngemvelaphi engaba khona yalolu lwandle futhi bakuthola lokho kucatshangwa ukuthi ineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-180 ubudala. Kungenxa yesikhathi se-Devonia lapho kwakukhona khona umcengezi obusubizwa nge-Protocaribe. Kulapha lapho lolu lwandle lwaqala ukwenzeka khona ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwezwekazi elikhulu ngaleso sikhathi okwakubusa iplanethi ngegama likaPangea.
Ngoba iPangea yahlukana yaba izingxenye ezimbili ngaphansi kwegama elithi Laurasia noGondwana, i Ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi waqala ukwenza. Ngokuhamba kwakhe wazama ukuqapha enyakatho nendlela yakhe eya eLaurasia e- Isikhathi seCarboniferous ubukhulu bolwandle bancipha ngokuphawulekayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi se- Isikhathi se-Triassic, abantu abaningi baqala ukuhlupheka nemifantu ekwazile ukuvula umhlaba omusha. Bekuvele ku- Isikhathi se-Jurassic lapho iGulf of Mexico yaqala ukukhula njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla. Eminye imifantu ivele ngesikhathi seJurassic yagcwalisa imicengezi yamanzi engxenyeni eseningizimu.
Sekuyizigidi zeminyaka uLwandle lweCaribbean lukhuphule umthamo walo wamanzi futhi selivele likhona Okuhle kakhulu ithole isimo esifana nanamuhla. Lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-85 edlule. Ngenxa yokuhamba kwama-plate tectonics, ingxenye yoqweqwe lwasolwandle, ephakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-8 nama-21 ubukhulu, yathuthela eCaribbean Basin. Ngisho nanamuhla lolu qweqwe lolwandle luhlala phansi olwandle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoLwandle lweCaribbean nezimpawu zalo.