Izimo zezulu ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngakho-ke emva kwamashumi eminyaka, kanjalo nesimo sezulu. Uphenyo olwenziwe ngabaseSpain nabaseFrance selugxile ekutadisheni imvula ngesimo sesichotho esibhaliswe eningizimu yeFrance emashumini eminyaka edlule.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Atmospheric Research kanye ufunde izifundo zesichotho kusuka ngo-1948 kuya ku-2015. Uthole miphi imiphumela futhi ibaluleke kangakanani?
Isichotho semvula
Ucwaningo lubheka ukuvela kwemvelo okuhambisana nokwanda kwalesi simo sezulu, kepha abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye izinto zingayinciphisa futhi zidale ukuthi empeleni zanda kuphela izivunguvungu ezinkulu zesichotho, kuyilapho izivunguvungu ezibuthakathaka zesichotho zincipha.
Ngoba izimo zezulu ezakha isichotho azizinzile futhi zingajwayelekile esikhaleni nangesikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ne-database ephelele ukuze ukwazi ukutadisha ukuvela kwayo kanye namathrendi.
Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ngu Iqembu le-Atmospheric Physics ye-Institute of the Environment yeNyuvesi yaseLeón, jNdawonye neComplutense University of Madrid nase-Anelfa, isikhungo sokucwaninga eToulouse.
Ngalesi sizathu esishiwo ngenhla, ucwaningo selugxile ezifundeni zaseFrance lapho kunemininingwane eqhubekayo futhi engaphazanyiswa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. I-Anelfa ineziteshi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezikala imvula yesichotho. . Ukusuka lapho, kwasetshenziswa amasu wezibalo asetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundweni zezulu ukubala izitayela.
Amarekhodi nedatha
Esifundeni sasePyrenees imvamisa yesichotho ikhuphukile eminyakeni engama-25 edlule, kuya ngezindawo ezihlaziyiwe. Lezi zinsuku ayikwazi ukwelulwa kwezinye izifunda eziseduze ngoba izimo zokwakheka kwesichotho azijwayelekile kakhulu. Ukube bekuyimvula ngesimo semvula, uma kungenzeka ukwazi umbuso wemvula wezifunda eziseduze nalezo ezihlaziyiweyo.
Emzameni wokuthola iziphetho ezithile eziqinile nezingajwayelekile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi iSpain ayinayo imininingwane eqhubekayo noma amarekhodi esichotho, obekufunwa ukuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinkundla ezisemkhathini nokuwa kwesichotho.
Ngale ndlela, ucwaningo luye lwahlaziya izitayela izinkambu ezisemkhathini ezinazo lapho zivame kakhulu futhi zithanda ukubonakala kwesichotho. Umaki wemiphumela ukuthambekela okuphawulekayo eminyakeni engama-60 edlule kuya ezindaweni ezikahle kakhulu ukuze kwakhiwe izivunguvungu zesichotho.
Kodwa-ke, lo mkhuba akufanele uhunyushwe njengokukhula kwesilinganiso sesichotho esibhaliswe phansi, ngoba kunezinto eziningi okufanele zibhekwe, njengokuncibilika kwesichotho ekwindla kwaso kusuka efwini. Imicimbi eminingi yezulu ngesimo sesichotho ayigcini ngokufinyelela phansi ngoba ibuyela esimweni soketshezi ngaphambi kokuwela phansi.
Ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izindawo nezimo ezikahle kakhulu zezichotho ezenzeka zenzeka ngokuvama okwandayo. Yize kufanele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi, ngokushisa komhlaba, izinga leqhwa nokubanda kuya ngokukhuphuka. Lokhu kuphakama kwaziwa njenge-isozero, okungukuthi, ubude lapho kutholakala khona izinga lokushisa lika-zero degrees Celsius nalapho isichotho siqala ukuncibilika khona.
Lokhu kuveza isibalo esikhulu seziphepho ezinesichotho esingahle sibe khona, kepha iningi lazo isichotho sigcina sincibilike ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini bese kufika kuphela izivunguvungu ezinesichotho esikhulu kunazo zonke ngaphezulu.
Isichotho nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke
Ukungaqiniseki kokuvama kwesichotho kunzima ukukuhumushela kuzimo zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngoba kunzima ukubikezela izitayela ezithembekile zalesi simo ngamamodeli.
Esimweni esifudumele kunamandla amaningi okuba khona komhlangano ojulile, othanda ukuvela kweziphepho ngesichotho esingahle sibe khona, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukwanda kwezinga le-isozero kuvuna ukwenzeka kwaso. ukuncibilikisa isichotho okwenza kungabi lula ukushaya phansi. Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi kwalezi zenzakalo ezimbili okunethonya kakhulu isichotho.