Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubanga izinguquko eziningi kuzinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa kushintsha ububanzi bezinhlobo eziningi futhi kuguqule ukushintshaniswa kwe-DNA, kubange ukushintshana kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokuhlukahluka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ehlukile yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ingadala ukuqothulwa kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezinambuzane ngo-2070. Lokhu kungashintsha ngokungathi sína imvelo kanye nebhalansi yayo yemvelo. Isimo sezulu singayithinta kanjani imvelo kangaka?
Izimuncagazi nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ucwaningo lwamazwe omhlaba olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini i-Science Advances luye lwahlaziya kanyekanye izimuncagazi nezimpawu ezingezona izimuncagazi. Okungukuthi, lezo eziyizinambuzane zesinye isilwane, sisebenzisa izinsiza zalo futhi sizivikele futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abanobudlelwano bokuvumelana lapho zombili izinhlobo zinqoba (ngokwesibonelo, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwempuphu nefungus).
Ukwenza lokhu, ababhali basebenzise i-database enkulu yomhlaba wonke yezinyoni zezimpaphe zezinyoni, ezisebenza "njengabashanela" ngezimpaphe zezinyoni. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa, imvelo yemvelo iyalungiswa ngokungalindelekile. Ngakho-ke, izimuncagazi zisongelwa kakhulu kunamanye amaqembu emvelo. Leli qembu lezinto eziphilayo lifaka phakathi izikelemu, izikelemu, izikelemu, amakhaza, imikhaza, izintwala nezinye izimuncagazi.
Iqhaza lama-parasites ezindaweni zemvelo
Izinambuzane eziningi esizaziyo zingadala uhlobo oluthile lwezifo kubantu, emfuyweni nakwezinye izilwane. Kodwa-ke, la ma-parasites adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemvelo, ngoba asiza ukulawula impilo yabantu basendle nokugcina ukusakazwa kwamandla ngamanethiwekhi we-trophic.
Ngoba izimuncagazi eziningi zinemijikelezo yokuphila ebandakanya ukudlula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokubamba, inani kanye nokwehluka kwama-parasites ku-ecosystem kusetshenziswa njenge-bioindicator yesimo sempilo.
Besebenzisa ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu, abacwaningi baqhathanisa ukuthi umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu uzoba njani ezimweni ezahlukahlukene izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-457 zama-parasites. Ama-parasites asengozini enkulu kunezinhlobo lapho kuhlala khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli yesimo sezulu eyinhlekelele kakhulu yabikezela ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezinhlobo ze- izimuncagazi zingaphela ngo-2070, ngenkathi amamodeli anethemba elikhulu ekhombisa ukuthi ukulahleka kwezinhlobo kuzoba yi-10%.