Mhlawumbe i- Ugwadule iSahara kuzoba ngusaziwayo emhlabeni. Yindawo eyihlane ethola imvula engaphansi kwama-25 cm unyaka nonyaka futhi inezimila ezincane noma ezingekho nhlobo. Izingwadule zibhekwa njengamalabhorethri emvelo alusizo ukutadisha ukusebenzisana komoya namanzi ezindaweni ezomile zomhlaba. Ziqukethe imali yamaminerali ebalulekile eyakheke endaweni eyomile futhi evezwe ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo komoya nemvula.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi, isimo sezulu, amazinga okushisa, izitshalo nezilwane zasogwadule lwaseSahara.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ingenye yezingwadule ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Yakhiwa inani elikhulu lamazwe omile asukela e-Atlantic Ocean kuya oLwandle Olubomvu. Unqamula i-Atlantic Ocean entshonalanga kanye nezintaba ze-Atlas kanye noLwandle iMedithera ngasenyakatho. Imvelaphi yaleli hlane isukela eminyakeni eyizigidi eyedlule. Lesi sifunda sonke sasimbozwe ama-savanna nezindawo ezinotshani impela ziluhlaza futhi zimbozwe ngamahlathi. Kwakuyindawo yabazingeli nabaqoqi abaningi ababehlala ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho le ndawo yaziwa ngokuthi yiGreen Sahara.
Umsuka wogwadule kungenxa yokuthi ayikho imvula erekhodiwe ekwazi ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kokuhwamuka okubangelwa yimisebe yelanga nokuphefumula kwezitshalo kanye nemvula. Ngalesi sizathu, ngemuva kwento yokujikeleza lapho isikhathi sonyaka owomile seqongelele khona kanye nokushoda komswakama bekudala ukungcola okwengeziwe.
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-7 edlule leli hlane lakhiwa. ULwandle lwaseThetis lwalukule ndawo futhi izinsalela zalo zazisoma. Ngaleli hlane kwaqala ukusungulwa ukuhweba kusetshenziswa izinkabi nezinqola. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kwakuyihlathi eliluhlaza elinamashidi futhi lalinenqwaba yezilwane. Inqubo yokwakhiwa kogwadule olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni yayihamba kancane futhi inenqubekela phambili. Kuthathe cishe iminyaka eyi-6.000 futhi kwaphela iminyaka engu-2.700 XNUMX edlule.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenqubo yokugwaduleka okusongela inhlabathi enkulu yomhlaba, lezi zingwadule zingakhiwa esikhathini eside esizayo. ISpain inengxenye enkulu yendawo esongelwa ugwadule kanye nogwadule. Ingxenye yenhlabathi ingaba yizindawo eziwugwadule noma eziwugwadule.
Isimo sezulu nokushisa kogwadule lwaseSahara
Ezinye zezici ezikhetheke kakhulu zaleli hlane ukuthi libhekwa njengehlane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kubuye kubhekwe njengenye yezindawo ezoma kakhulu futhi ezinamazinga okushisa aqine kakhulu. Zimbalwa kakhulu izilwane nezitshalo ezihlala kulezi zindawo ngoba akukho kuphila noma izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze zizondle. Kulezi zingwadule kuhlala izizwe zamaTuarec namaBerbers. Siyazi ukuthi inhlabathi kulezi zindawo iphansi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo, ngakho-ke ezolimo akuyona inketho. Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwenhlabathi amatshe, isihlabathi nezindunduma. Kulolu hlobo lomhlabathi ayikwazi ukuxhasa impilo esimeme engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zindawo. Njengoba ushintsho olukhulu lokushisa emini nasebusuku luba nehaba kakhulu, akunalutho olungasinda.
Isimo sezulu sogwadule lwaseSahara Kubonakala ngokuba nezinsuku ezinelanga nobusuku obupholile. Imvula iyamangaza kakhulu nokuthi izokwenzeka nini ngesihluku. Umthelela wolwandle kule ngxenye ye-Afrika ukhiqiza umswakama ophakeme kakhulu emkhathini, ngakho-ke izinkungu zivame kakhulu ogwini lwasehlane.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa, isimo sezulu siyashisa futhi some ngokweqile ehlobo, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa ayamangalisa futhi umehluko phakathi kwemini nobusuku uphakeme kakhulu. Ukushisa okuphezulu okungafinyelelwa ngakho kufanele kube phakathi kwama-degree angama-46. Ngokwesinye isandla, ebusuku ingafinyelela emazingeni okushisa afinyelela kuma-degree angu-18. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kubi ngokweqile ibanga lokushisa. Ithonya lasolwandle liyabonakala kakhulu, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo angama-degree angama-26 emaphethelweni kanti lawo angaphakathi azungeze ama-37 degrees.
Izimbali nezilwane zasogwadule lwaseSahara
Siyazi ukuthi emini kuleli hlane ukushisa nemisebe yelanga kuyedlulela futhi kushaya umhlaba kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa athonywa ukukhanya kwelanga nomswakama emvelweni. Ayikho imithombo yamanzi noma imvula ejwayelekile ukushisa nomswakama ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nobusuku izinga lokushisa lehla kakhulu, noma ezinye izinsuku ungabanda. Isibhakabhaka sicacile ngakho ukushisa obekukhona emini akunqamuki. Futhi khumbula ukuthi, uma unezulu elicacile, ungabona umbukiso wezinkanyezi ophelele.
Izimbali nezilwane zasogwadule lwaseSahara ziyindlala kakhulu uma kubhekwa izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ungathola ezinye izilwane ezinjengamakamela nezimbuzi ezingamelani nalezi zimo zemvelo. Esinye sezilwane ezijwayele kahle kulezi zindawo ufezela ophuzi.. Ungumuntu wesintu onobuthi othandaza izinsuku ukuthi angakutholi usendleleni. Ezinye izinhlobo zempungushe, inhlwathi emhlophe, i-dorcas gazelle, nezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukusinda kule ndawo. Banezinqubo eziningi zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. Kujwayelekile ukuthola ezinye izinyoka kufulawa, inja yasendle yase-Afrika, ezinye izingwenya kanye nezinyoni zezingoma ezikhokhiswe ngesiliva zase-Afrika.
Ngokuqondene nezimbali, izimila ziyindlala kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona okuncane kwamanzi. Alukho nhlobo uhlobo lohlaza. Izitshalo ezimbalwa ezikhona zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo ngakho-ke zifuna ukwehlisa izinga lokuhwamuka futhi zenyuse ukumuncwa kwamanzi. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi izitshalo ezimbalwa ezikhona zibe namaqabunga amancane nezicubu nezimpande ezinde kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, aqoqa amanzi nezicubu namaqabunga ambozwe ngengcina. Isibonelo, sithola izitshalo ezifana izimbali zaseJeriko, iCystanche, i-zilla, ne-apula laseSodoma.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngehlane laseSahara nezici zalo.