ESpain isomiso siyisimo semvelo esivela njalo futhi ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izindawo zaseMedithera. Imvamisa nokuqina okufanayo kwandiswa yimiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu Futhi, yize imisebenzi yezomnotho nezinhlelo zemvelo zivumelane nalesi simo sesimo sezulu, azikwazi ukwenza njalo kulesi simo, esithinta ukusimama.
Lesi simo sesomiso nokwanda kwamazinga okushisa kuholele ehlobo elishisa kakhulu nelomisa kakhulu emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka edlule emashumini eminyaka adlule. Lesi simo sinamiphi imiphumela?
Ukushisa okuningi, amanzi amancane
Kwaphela amashumi amabili eminyaka, amalungu eqembu locwaningo Isimo Sezulu, Amanzi, Ushintsho Lomhlaba Wonke kanye Nezinhlelo Zemvelo zoMnyango WezeJografi Nokuhlelwa Kwezindawo zakha kabusha isimo sezulu esedlule kusuka ekukhuleni okusabalalayo kwezihlahla ezindala kunazo zonke eSpain. Ngalolu cwaningo bafuna ukwazi ukuthi isimo sezulu besinjani emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi bakwazi ukulinganisa ubunzima nokuqhubeka kwemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi izinguquko eziningi zesimo sezulu zenzekile kuwo wonke umlando, kepha azikaze zisheshe njengalezi ezenzeka namuhla. Ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo afana nalokho okukhona namuhla, kwadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu njengamanje kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso somuntu, okungukuthi, emakhulwini ambalwa nje eminyaka.
Lolu lwazi lungatholakala ngokutadisha ukukhula kobubanzi bezihlahla ezifana nemiphayini. Ijenali ye-Geophysical Research Letters manje iqoqa ukuhlaziywa kwe amasampula avela ezihlahleni ezingama-774 zohlobo lwePinus sylvestris nePinus uncinata etholakala ebangeni lezintaba lase-Iberia, njengoba ubude bamarekhodi ezulu asetshenziswayo (idatha elinganiswa eziteshini zezulu) ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-100 engcono, isikhathi esanele sokuhlola ukwehluka kwesimo sezulu samanje.
Ukutadisha ukukhula kwesihlahla
Ngenxa yolwazi oluqoqwe kusuka ezilinganisweni zokukhula kwezihlahla, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi isimo sezulu sivele kanjani. Lapho isihlahla ngasinye siveza ukhuni olwephuzile, okuwukuthi, mnyama kakhulu okwenziwa ezigabeni zokugcina zokukhula konyaka, kungenzeka wakhe kabusha imiphumela yesomiso ehlobo kusukela emashumini okuqala ekhulu le-XNUMX.
Umsebenzi uqalile ngehlobo lekhulu le-XNUMX selokhu kwaba ukuqala kwenguquko yezimboni lapho amagesi abamba ukushisa aqala ukukhishwa khona ngoguquko lwezimboni.
Kungokokuqala ukuthi ososayensi bakwazi ukwakha kabusha isimo sezulu samakhulu eminyaka edlule ngale ndlela. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi I-Index evaporation ejwayelekile kanye ne-Transpiration Index (SPEI), kudluliselwe kuleli cala ezinyangeni zikaJulayi no-Agasti. Ihlobo selome kakhulu kuze kube namuhla, yibo abasetha amarekhodi omlando.
Okuthile okucatshangelwa kulezi zilinganiso futhi okubalulekile ekuchazeni imiphumela neziphetho ukuthi le nkomba esetshenziswe ezilinganisweni ibheka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe okutholwa yizinhlelo zemvelo uma kungenzeka kwehle imvula ngokungajwayelekile, esimeni lapho, ngenxa yesivuvujikelele, amazinga okushisa wonyaka ayanda ngokuqhubekayo.
Imiphumela etholakele ivezwe abanye ababhali abavela eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika, ababhekise kokuhlukile ukuthi isomiso esibi kakhulu esenzeke ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nalesi esenzeka manje esikhathini esedlule iminyaka.
Izinguquko emaphethini asemkhathini abangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu zisebenza ngezinga elikhulu futhi ziyakwazi shintsha ukuma nokuphikelela kwe-Anticyclone e-Azores lokho akuvumeli izivunguvungu zingene eSpain, ngakho-ke, imvula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuphindaphindwa okuphezulu kwemicimbi eyomile kuhambisana nemiphumela yombiko wakamuva we-Intergovernmental Panel on climate change.