URobert hooke Wayengusosayensi omkhulu owanikela ngemibono eminingi nentuthuko kusayensi. Wayephinde abe yisazi sefilosofi semvelo. Wayenguprofesa we-geometry futhi engumhloli edolobheni laseLondon, eNgilandi. Waziwa ngeminikelo yakhe emikhulu kwi-physics, microscopy, biology kanye nezakhiwo. Wasungula izinsimbi ezifana ne-thermometer yotshwala, i-hygrometer, i-anemometer nezinye izinsimbi, okuyifa elibalulekile kusayensi nobuntu.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizoya kokudlule ukuze sifunde nge-biography kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa nguRobert Hooke impilo yakhe yonke. Ngabe uyafuna ukwazi ukubaluleka kwalo sosayensi emhlabeni wesayensi? Lapha sichaza konke kuwe ngokuningiliziwe 🙂
Impilo nokufa kukaRobert Hooke
Wazalwa ngoJulayi 18, 1635. Ubengowokugcina ezinganeni zakubo ezine, abafana ababili namantombazane amabili. Kuthiwa wayenobuntwana obunomzwangedwa futhi obudabukisayo, wayehlushwa ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo nezinhlungu zesisu, okwakumvimbela ukuthi adlale ngokujwayelekile nezingane ezingontanga yakhe. Leso sizungu eseyingane samenza wadlala ngobuhlakani obukhulu nangomcabango. Wenza ama-sundials, izigayo zamanzi, imikhumbi ekwazi ukudubula izinhlamvu, wathatha iwashi lethusi walakha kabusha ngokhuni, esebenza kahle.
Ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe uHooke wayeyingxenye ye- Ikwaya yeCathedral Church of the Diocese of Oxford (IChrist Church College). Le nkathi yiyona eyakha uHooke othandweni lwakhe lwesayensi. Wayenentshisekelo yemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokongiwa okwenziwayo, ngoba wayecabanga ukuthi zisongelwa ngumvikeli.
Imihlangano ebibaluleke kakhulu kwezesayensi, kwezefilosofi neyengqondo ibibanjelwa eWestminster School, ngakho-ke uRobert waya kuyo eminingi. Ngenkathi afunda nabo benza imisebenzi yokudlala, uHooke wayegxile ekwenzeni imali. Uqale ngokwenza imali njengomsizi we-anatomy yamakhemikhali. Kamuva waba umsizi waselebhu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-1658, ukwakhiwa kwepompo yomoya noma i- "machina boyleana" kwenziwa, kususelwa kulokho okwenziwa nguRalph Greatorex, uHooke ambheka "njengoMkhulu kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi omkhulu".
Wayenekhono elikhulu lezibalo. Ngemuva kwemisebenzi yakhe eminingi kwaziwa ukusebenza kwakhe kahle futhi wanconyelwa isikhundla sokuqala sokuba ngumphathi weRoyal Society yaseLondon. Lesi sikhundla sidinga ukuba ngusosayensi omkhulu wokuhlola nowobungcweti. URobert Hooke unikele ngokugcwele emisebenzini yakhe.
Ekugcineni wadlula emhlabeni ngoMashi 3, 1703 edolobheni laseLondon. IRoyal Society yaseLondon imkhokhele intela enkulu ngazo zonke izimangaliso esizobona ngezansi.
Ukutholwa
UHooke uchithe ingxenye yesikhathi sakhe esebenza noBoyle noBoyle behlongoza imishini kuye eyayizokwakha nokwakha ipompo elalikwazi ukucindezela umoya ukuze likhiqize isikhala. Bachitha iminyaka befunda isayensi yamagesi aze ayithole. Ukutholwa kwakhe kokuqala kwaba yimpompo yomoya.
Ngalepompo ukuqina komoya nemiphumela abanayo babe nakho izikhathi eziningi. Ngenxa yale mpompo, ifomula ye- Umthetho Wegesi. Kulo mthetho kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi umthamo wegesi ulingana kanjani nengcindezi anayo.
Amandla
Okunye akutholile kwakuyi-capillarity. Wayebhekene nokuvuza kwamanzi nolunye uketshezi ngamashubhu engilazi amancane. Kulezi zivivinyo kwatholakala ukuthi ubude lapho amanzi afinyelela khona buhlobene nobubanzi bethubhu. Lokhu manje kubizwa ngokuthi yi-capillarity.
Lokhu kutholakala kwashicilelwa ngokuningiliziwe encwadini yakhe ethi "Micrography." Ngenxa yale misebenzi wakwazi ukuba nesikhundla seCurator eRoyal Society yaseLondon.
Amaseli nomqondo weseli
Ngenxa yesibonakhulu, uHooke wathola ukuthi ishidi likakhokho lalinezimbotshana ezincane ezinjengekhekheba lezinyosi. Umgodi ngamunye wawusibiza ngokuthi yingqamuzana. Lokho wayengazi ukuthi ukubaluleka kwala maseli kuzoba yini kumthethosisekelo wezidalwa eziphilayo.
Futhi uRobert wayebukele amangqamuzana ezitshalo afile amile okwexande. Ngemuva kweminyaka, izicubu zezidalwa eziphilayo zazizotholakala sibonga ukubonwa kwaso ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
Okunye akutholile kwaba ngenxa yolwazi ayenalo ngokuhlelwa kwamaseli. Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ngolwazi olunikezwe nguRobert Hooke, ukuthunyelwa kwemfundiso yeseli kungenzeka:
- Zonke izinto eziphilayo zakhiwe ngamaseli nemikhiqizo yawo.
- Amaseli amayunithi wesakhiwo nomsebenzi.
- Wonke amaseli avela kumaseli asevele ekhona. Lokhu kungezwe ngo-1858 nguVirchow.
Ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, ucwaningo olulandelayo lukhombisile ukuthi amaseli angasinikeza imbangela nomsuka wezifo eziningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umuntu egula, kungenxa yokuthi unamaseli ngaphakathi agulayo.
Iplanethi ye-Uranus
Futhi wayenomthwalo wokuthola iplanethi i-Uranus. Ukwenza lokhu, wayebheka izinkanyezi ezinomsila futhi wazinikezela ekwakheni imibono mayelana namandla adonsela phansi. Izinsimbi ezidingekayo ukukala ukuhamba kwelanga nezinkanyezi kwenziwa nguye. Konke lokhu kunikeze inqubekela phambili enkulu kwisayensi kanye nokubukwa kwesikhala sangaphandle.
Iplanethi yokunyakaza kweplanethi
Akagcinanga ngokuthola iplanethi i-Uranus kodwa futhi wasungula neTheory of Planetary Motion. Wakwazi ukukuqamba kusuka enkingeni yemishini. Uveze imigomo yokuheha indawo yonke, phakathi kokuqoshwa okuqine kakhulu yilena efundeka kanje: yonke imizimba ihamba ngendlela eqondile, ngaphandle uma ihlukunyezwa ngamandla athile, lokhu kuzobenza bahambe, kungaba ngendlela yombuthano, i-ellipse noma isifaniso.
Uveze ukuthi yonke imizimba inamandla ayo adonsela phansi ku-eksisi noma esikhungweni sayo nokuthi nayo ithinteka ngamandla adonsela phansi asezulwini. Lapho sisondela kakhudlwana kwezinye izidalwa zasezulwini, kulapho la mandla okukhanga asithinta kakhulu. Futhi, ngazama ukukuhlola lokho uMhlaba ubuhamba ngesiyingi uzungeze iLanga.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uRobert Hooke wathuthuka kakhulu kwezesayensi negama lakhe alikhohlakali.