Olunye lolwandle olunelukuluku lokwedlulele futhi olubizwa ngezimpawu zalo ezikhethekile yi- ULwandle Olumnyama. Lolu lwandle luthiwa lo mbala ngesizathu esithile. Kuyinto ethakazelisa ngempela ngalolu lwandle. Indawo yayo iphakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia futhi kungokungabaza okukhulu kulabo abezwa igama layo. Okuthile okufana nokwenzeka oLwandle Olubomvu.
Kulesi sihloko sizothola zonke izimfihlo zoLwandle Olumnyama bese sikutshela ngazo zonke izici ezikhethekile esinazo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngaye?
Izici eziyinhloko
IBlack Sea iyona edala ukungabaza okuningi lapho ikhuluma nayo. Umuntu angangabaza ngobukhona bangempela balo mbala noma imbangela yawo. Abantu abaningi abanasiqiniseko sokuthi ngabe nge-Asia noma i-Europe. Iqiniso ukuthi lenza ingxenye yalokho okwake kwaba yizwekazi elikhulu elibizwa nge-Eurasia.
Phakathi kwamazwe ayizungezile sithola:
- Turkey: iseningizimu yoLwandle Olumnyama.
- IBulgaria: eNtshonalanga.
- ERomania: futhi naseNtshonalanga.
- Ukraine: itholakala enyakatho yalolu lwandle.
- I-Russia: kuseMpumalanga.
- Georgia: naseMpumalanga.
Lolu lwandle lwalwaziwa ngegama lika UPonto Euxino. Le ngxenye lapho kutholakala khona uLwandle Olumnyama iphakathi nendawo yomhlaba kanye nezilwandle ngokuphelele. Imane ixhunywe noLwandle iMedithera yiStrait encane yeBosphorus eTurkey. Yiyo kuphela ingxenye lapho amanzi angenayo naphumayo angavuselelwa khona. Ukube le ntambo ibingekho, bekungaba nechibi.
Ubukhulu balolu lwandle ngenye yemibuzo ebuzwa abantu kakhulu. Ukubiza amanzi amaningi ngokuthi ulwandle, indawo yawo kumele ibe nkulu impela. Kulokhu, uLwandle Olumnyama lukala cishe amakhilomitha angama-600 ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu futhi cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1.175 ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga. Indawo yonke ingu-436.400 km2. Ukujula kwayo kubanzi futhi kunezimbali nezilwane eziningi ezingakhula kuyo. Ukujula kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.2455 futhi amandla ayo wamanzi angama-547.000 km3 wamanzi.
Yini igama loLwandle Olumnyama?
Okufike lapha nakanjani ukuthola ukuthi kungani labizwa ngokuthi uLwandle Olumnyama kwasekuqaleni. Uma ubona uLwandle Olumnyama uyaqaphela ukuthi akusilo ulwandle olumnyama. Manje kungani ibizwa kanjalo?
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani bebiza lolu lwandle ngegama lalo. Impucuko eyayihlala kulezi zindawo ezikhathini zasendulo ayizange ikubize ngale ndlela, kepha ngokunye. Phakathi kwezizathu ezifanelekile esizitholayo ukuthi lolu lwandle lubizwe ngaleli gama sinokuthi linombala omnyama. Esinye sezici ezenza lolu lwandle lukhetheke ukuthi, umbala walo omnyama, kwenza kube nzima ukubona lutho ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100.
Isizathu sokuthi sibe nalombala omnyama kungenxa yokuthi kunezitshalo eziningi odakeni olungezansi nolumnyama. Lesi simila sondliwa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen sulfide, ukuze lonke udaka luthole kancane kancane leli thoni elimnyama. Amanzi awamnyama, ukubonakaliswa komhlaba kuphela okwenza lonke ulwandle luvele ngombala omnyama.
Kuyafana noLwandle Olubomvu. Inani le-algae ebomvu ku-substrate yayo lenza umbala wolwandle ubonakale ubomvu ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, uma amanzi ebemnyama, kungaba yisizathu sokukhathazeka. Ngokuphikisana nalokho kucatshangwa (ngoba abaningi bakudidanisa noLwandle Olufile) ukuthi lolu lwandle alunalo usawoti omningi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukube okuqukethwe kukasawoti bekuphakeme, yonke indawo yezitshalo ewunika umbala eqanjwe ngawo ibingeke ikhule.
Kulolu lwandle singathola i-phytoplankton, izimbaza zedube, uhlobo oluthile lwe-carp kanye nama-gobies ajikelezayo, okuyizinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Ukunotha kwayo kwezimbali nezilwane kuphakeme impela futhi kudume kakhulu ngokuvakasha.
Ukubaluleka
Manje sesizobona ukubaluleka kwalolu lwandle kokubili ngendawo yalo kanye nentshisekelo yezomnotho engaba nayo kubantu. Kunokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwesimanje okunganikezwa kulesi sifunda futhi yilokhu okulandelayo. Ngokuba nezimila nezilwane ezinhle, amachweba angakhiwa ukuze kudotshwe. Lokhu kwenza ukuhweba kungachuma phakathi kwamazwe azungeze lolu lwandle.
Ukuzulazula kungenzeka futhi, ngoba ubuso bayo bukhulu impela. Lokhu kwandisa ezokuvakasha nemali evela kubo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuvakasha, ama-spas namahhotela akhulisa inzuzo yawo ngokuba nabasingathi abaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingcebo yezilwane nayo inikela ngezinkatho ezithile ezithakazelisayo zokudoba ezemidlalo. Yize ingekho kangako, ibuye isebenzise ukuxhaphaza amanye ama-hydrocarbon akhona, noma ngabe awekho kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezempi okwakunikezwe ngenxa yesimo sayo se-geostrategic kuhle ezimpini ezindala.
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezempi, konke okunye ukusetshenziswa kuye kwanda ngemuva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Lokhu kuvumela umnotho wazo zonke izindawo ezizungezile ukuthi uchume.
Ungakwazi ukuzulazula?
Umbuzo owodwa abantu abaningi abanawo lapho beya oLwandle Olumnyama ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukuhamba noma cha. Impendulo inguyebo. Yize inezici ezihlukile ngokungangabazeki kwezinye izilwandle, ungazulazula inqobo nje uma izikebhe zilungiselelwe kahle futhi kufanele zidlulise amasheke adingekayo. Ngale ndlela, bazokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezici zalolu lwandle.
Ukuhamba ngemikhumbi kwezohwebo nakho kuyindlela enhle yokwenza ngcono ezomnotho nokudoba ngokuthola ukubanjwa okuhle. Esikhathini esifushane, izivakashi kanye nezakhamizi zakulesi sifunda balwesaba kakhulu lolu lwandle.
Kwezinye izikhathi ezedlule ibingakwazi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, ngoba ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane iqhwa ebusika. Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi lusiza ekutholeni konke mayelana noLwandle Olumnyama.