Sakheka kanjani isimiso sonozungezilanga

Njengoba isimiso sonozungezilanga senziwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500 edlule, kunzima ukwazi Sakheka kanjani isimiso sonozungezilanga. Nokho, ososayensi baye baxova izinkolelo-mbono ezithile, ezinye ziyiqiniso kunezinye, futhi kuye kwasungulwa uhlobo oluhambisanayo lokwakheka.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi i-solar system yakhiwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezenzekayo.

Izici zesistimu yelanga

Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo zamaplanethi, iningi lesimiso sonozungezilanga liyindawo engenalutho. Nokho, kuzo zonke lezi zikhala kukhona izinto eziningi ezithintwa amandla adonsela phansi elanga futhi zakha isimiso sonozungezilanga.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuba kube ngenye indlela, ilanga liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Iphakathi nendawo futhi zonke izinto ezisesimisweni sonozungezilanga zithinteka ngamandla adonsela phansi. Inkanyezi yohlobo lwe-G, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-yellow dwarf, futhi iphakathi nesikhathi sayo sokuphila, cishe ineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 ubudala namuhla. Ilanga lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine ze-hydrogen ne-helium eyodwa, lizungeza eksisini yalo, kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-25 ukuqeda ukuzungeza okukodwa futhi imelela cishe i-99,86% yenani eliphelele lesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, izinto ezilandelayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga amaplanethi, esingawahlukanisa abe izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, imigudu yesimiso sonozungezilanga sangaphakathi ihlala iMercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Lawa amaplanethi amancane kakhulu futhi aziwa ngokuthi amaplanethi angaphakathi, abuye aziwe ngokuthi amaplanethi anamatshe, ngenxa yendawo yawo ohlelweni lwelanga kanye nesimo esiqinile sezinto zabo ezinamatshe nezensimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emigudwini yangaphandle yesimiso sonozungezilanga sithola ama-exoplanets amakhulu, enziwe ngegesi, yingakho ebizwa ngokuthi ama-gas giants nama-ice giants. Ngakho, ngenxa yobude bayo ukusuka elangeni, singathola Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus kanye Neptune.

Ngaphezu kwamaplanethi, kukhona amaplanethi ama-5 abizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi amancane esimiso sonozungezilanga. Njengoba igama lazo liphakamisa, ziyizinto ezincane kakhulu ezibonakala ngamandla adonsela phansi ngokwanele ukuze zakhe umumo oyindilinga, kodwa akwanele ukuhlukanisa indawo yazo ezungezayo kwezinye izinto, ezizihlukanisa namaplanethi. Lawa ama-Ceres, ebhande le-asteroid phakathi kwe-Mars ne-Jupiter, kanye ne-Pluto, i-Haumea, i-Makemake, ne-Eris, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Pluto, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Kuiper Belt.

Ibhande lasemkhathini liyisifunda sesimiso sonozungezilanga phakathi kwemizila ye-Mars ne-Jupiter okuyikhaya lenqwaba yezindikimba ezincane ezenziwe ngamatshe neqhwa, eziningi zazo okungama-asteroid okukholelwa ukuthi ayinsalela yeplanethi engakaze ibe khona. Yakheka ngenxa yethonya lamandla adonsela phansi leJupiter. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesisindo esiphelele sebhande kuqukethwe ezintweni ezi-5: iplanethi encane iCeres kanye ne-asteroids iPallas, iVesta Hygeia neJuno.

I-Kuiper belt isifunda sesimiso sonozungezilanga esingaphezu komjikelezo weNeptune. Ifana nebhande le-asteroid, kodwa inkulu kakhulu: 20 ububanzi futhi izikhathi ezifika ku-200 ubukhulu, futhi njengaye nje, yakhiwa ikakhulukazi izinsalela ezincane zokubunjwa kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, kulokhu amanzi, i-methane ne-ammonia ngendlela yeqhwa.

I-Oort Cloud iyifu eliyindilinga lezinto zasemkhathini ngale kwe-orbit ye-Neptune, okungenani unyaka owodwa wokukhanya ukusuka eLangeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ifu lingaqukatha phakathi kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane neziyi-1.000 zezindikimba zasezulwini ezakhiwe ngeqhwa, i-methane ne-ammonia, okungase kuhlanganiswe kube nesisindo esiphindwe kahlanu kunoMhlaba.

Inkolelo-mbono yesimanje ye-nebulae isekelwe ekubonweni kwezinkanyezi ezisencane ezizungezwe uthuli oluminyene, olunciphisa ijubane. Ngokugxilisa iningi lesisindo phakathi nendawo, izingxenye zangaphandle ezivele zihlukanisiwe zithola amandla amaningi futhi zehlise ijubane elincane, okwandisa umehluko wejubane.

Amafu egesi nothuli avela esimisweni sonozungezilanga

Kunezincazelo ezithile zendlela isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga esivele ngayo. Enye yemibono eyamukelwa kakhulu yile Ithiyori ye-nebula eyahlongozwa nguRené Descartes ngo-1644 futhi kamuva yacwengwa ezinye izazi zezinkanyezi.

Ngokwenguqulo ehlongozwe u-Kant no-Laplace, ifu elikhulu legesi nothuli lifinyele ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-supernova eseduze. Ngenxa yokufinyela, yaqala ukuzulazula ngesivinini esikhulu futhi yancipha, ngenxa yalokho isimiso sonozungezilanga esiphumela kuso sasibukeka njengediski kune-sphere.

Izinto eziningi zimbondelene phakathi nendawo. Ukucindezela kuphezulu kangangokuthi kuqale ukusabela kwezikhali zenuzi, ukukhulula amandla nokwenza izinkanyezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-eddies achazwa, futhi njengoba ekhula, amandla abo adonsela phansi ayanda futhi athatha izinto eziningi ngokujika ngakunye.

Kukhona futhi ukungqubuzana okuningi phakathi kwezinhlayiya nezinto ezakheke. Izigidi zezinto ziyahlangana ukuze zishayisane noma zingqubuzane ngobudlova futhi zibe yizicucu. Ukuhlangana okwakhayo kugcwele, futhi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 nje bathole ukubukeka okufana nalokhu kwamanje. Umzimba ngamunye ube usuqhubeka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwawo.

ukwakheka kwamaplanethi nezinyanga

Amaplanethi nezinyanga zawo eziningi zakhiwe ngokuqoqwa kwezinto ezinqwabelene ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ze-protonebulae. Ngemuva kochungechunge olubi lokushayisana, ukuhlanganisa, nokwakhiwa kabusha, bathola usayizi ofana nosayizi wabo wamanje futhi banyakaze baze bafike lapho esazi khona.

Isifunda esiseduze nelanga kushisa kakhulu ukugcina izinto ezikhanyayo. Yingakho amaplanethi angaphakathi mancane futhi anamatshe, kuyilapho amaplanethi angaphandle emakhulu futhi enegesi. Ukuvela kwesimiso sonozungezilanga ayikayeki, kodwa ngemva kwesiphithiphithi sokuqala, izinto eziningi manje sezenza ingxenye yezinto emigudwini engaguquki kakhulu noma engaphansi.

Noma iyiphi inkolelo-mbono ezama ukuchaza ukwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga kufanele icabangele lokho ilanga lizungeza kancane futhi linomfutho we-angular ongu-1% kuphela kodwa isisindo esingu-99,9%., kuyilapho amaplanethi anomfutho we-angular ongu-99%. Isikhathi singu-0,1% kuphela wesisindo. Enye incazelo iwukuthi ilanga lalibanda kakhulu kwasekuqaleni. Njengoba ishisa, ukuminyana kwezinto zayo kunciphisa ukujikeleza kwayo kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ukulingana okuthile. Kodwa kukhona okwengeziwe...

Imibono mayelana nendlela i-solar system eyakhiwe ngayo

Kuneminye imibono emihlanu noma okuhlukile okubhekwa njengokuzwakalayo:

• La i-accretion theory icabanga ukuthi ilanga lidlula efwini eliminyene lezinkanyezi futhi lizungezwe uthuli negesi.
• La i-protoplanetary theory ithi ekuqaleni ifu eliminyene eliphakathi kwezinkanyezi lakha iqoqo lezinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi eziwumphumela zinkulu futhi zinesivinini esiphansi sokuzungeza, kuyilapho amaplanethi akha efwini elifanayo anesivinini esiphezulu lapho ethathwa izinkanyezi, kuhlanganise nelanga.
• La ithiyori yesicupho ichaza ukuthi ilanga lihlangana ne-protostar eseduze futhi likhipha okubalulekile kuyo. Isizathu sokuthi ilanga lizungeza kancane yingoba lakheka ngaphambi kwamaplanethi.
• La Ithiyori yesimanje yeLaplace ibeka ukuthi ukujiya kwelanga kuqukethe izinhlayiya zothuli oluqinile ezibambezela ukujikeleza kwelanga ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi nendawo. Khona-ke ilanga liyashisa futhi uthuli luyahwamuka.
• La i-nebula theory yesimanje isekelwe ekubonweni kwezinkanyezi ezisencane ezizungezwe uthuli oluminyene, oluhamba kancane. Ngokugxilisa iningi lesisindo phakathi nendawo, izingxenye zangaphandle ezivele zihlukanisiwe zithola amandla amaningi futhi zehlise ijubane elincane, okwandisa umehluko wejubane.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela i-solar system eyakhiwe ngayo.